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Magma mixing in the 1100 AD Montaña Reventada composite lava flow, Tenerife, Canary Islands: interaction between rift zone and central volcano plumbing systems

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An Erratum to this article was published on 19 July 2011

Abstract

Zoned eruption deposits commonly show a lower felsic and an upper mafic member, thought to reflect eruption from large, stratified magma chambers. In contrast, the Montaña Reventada composite flow (Tenerife) consists of a lower basanite and a much thicker upper phonolite. A sharp interface separates basanite and phonolite, and chilled margins at this contact indicate the basanite was still hot upon emplacement of the phonolite, i.e. the two magmas erupted in quick succession. Four types of mafic to intermediate inclusions are found in the phonolite. Inclusion textures comprise foamy quenched ones, others with chilled margins and yet others that are physically mingled, reflecting progressive mixing with a decreasing temperature contrast between the end-members. Analysis of basanite, phonolite and inclusions for majors, traces and Sr, Nd and Pb isotopes show the inclusions to be derived from binary mixing of basanite and phonolite end-members in ratios of 2:1 to 4:1. Although, basanite and phonolite magmas were in direct contact, contrasting 206Pb/204Pb ratios show that they are genetically distinct (19.7193(21)–19.7418(31) vs. 19.7671(18)–19.7807(23), respectively). We argue that the Montaña Reventada basanite and phonolite first met just prior to eruption and had limited interaction time only. Montaña Reventada erupted from the transition zone between two plumbing systems, the phonolitic Teide-Pico Viejo complex and the basanitic Northwest rift zone. A rift zone basanite dyke most likely intersected the previously emplaced phonolite magma chamber. This led to eruption of geochemically and texturally unaffected basanite, with the inclusion-rich phonolite subsequently following into the established conduit.

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Acknowledgments

Carmela Freda and Alejandro Rodríguez-González helped with the interpretation of field evidence. Audray Delcamp is thanked for help in sample preparation. We are grateful to G. Davies, L. Font and R. Smeets for technical support in Amsterdam and B. van der Wagt for ICP-MS and MC-ICP-MS analyses, also in Amsterdam. Chris Harris revised an early version of this manuscript. We thank Cristina De Campos and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments. This project forms part of the PhD theses of SW and FMD and was supported by a scholarship from the School of Natural Sciences at Trinity College Dublin to SW and a Science Foundation Ireland grant to VRT. We also acknowledge further support from the Boldy/Johnston award from the Department of Geology, Trinity College Dublin to SW and the Plan Nacional I + D+I, project CGL 2008-02842/BTE, and Caja Canarias, Tenerife, Spain to JCC.

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Communicated by J. Hoefs.

An erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00410-011-0668-6

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Wiesmaier, S., Deegan, F.M., Troll, V.R. et al. Magma mixing in the 1100 AD Montaña Reventada composite lava flow, Tenerife, Canary Islands: interaction between rift zone and central volcano plumbing systems. Contrib Mineral Petrol 162, 651–669 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-010-0596-x

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