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Predictors of effective therapy among individuals with Cannabis Use Disorder: a review of the literature

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Abstract

Treatment demand for Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) has increased in the past decade in almost all European countries, and CUD is currently the most common reason for first-time drug-related treatment admission in the European Union. Even though several therapeutic approaches have been shown to benefit individuals with CUD, there is a lack of knowledge regarding factors associated with effective therapy and the underlying mechanisms of change among individuals with CUD presenting for treatment. The aim of the present paper was to review current knowledge on factors that have been shown to contribute to positive outcomes in CUD treatment. A scoping methodology was used, focusing on empirically evaluated studies that used defined, cannabis-related outcome measures. In eligible studies, factors of investigation were categorized as either ‘mediators’, i.e., treatment-related factors associated with the processes or mechanisms through which patients benefit from therapy, or 'moderators' which are patient-related characteristics that predict his/her odds to benefit from treatment or patient-related (i.e., moderators). Factors categorized as mediators were then classified ‘specific factors’ if they were related to a certain technique or treatment modality or ‘common factors’ if they were assessed beyond treatment modalities. Findings suggest that in CUD treatment, specific mediators include treatment duration, addressing motivation to change, acquiring coping skills, enhancing self-efficacy, and integrating several therapeutic components. Common mediators include therapeutic alliance, empathy, expectations and cultural adaptation. Moderators in CUD treatment include sex, ethnicity, age-related factors and comorbid disorders.

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Funding

This study was partially funded by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Psychology Department, Achva Academic College, Achva, Israel

    Daniel Feingold

  2. Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel

    Dana Tzur Bitan

  3. Shalvata Mental Health Center, Hod Hasharon, Israel

    Dana Tzur Bitan

  4. Public Health Unit, EMCDDA, Lisbon, Portugal

    Marica Ferri

  5. Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany

    Eva Hoch

  6. IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Centre of Health and Addiction Research, Munich, Germany

    Eva Hoch

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Feingold, D., Tzur Bitan, D., Ferri, M. et al. Predictors of effective therapy among individuals with Cannabis Use Disorder: a review of the literature. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-024-01781-4

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