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Negative symptoms and neurocognition in drug-naïve schizophrenia: moderating role of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and interferon-gamma (INF-γ)

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Abstract

Previous studies reported that peripheral inflammation was associated with cognitive performance and brain structure in schizophrenia. However, the moderating effect of inflammation has not been extensively studied. This study investigated whether inflammation markers moderated the association between negative symptoms and neurocognition in schizophrenia. This cross-sectional study included 137 drug-naïve schizophrenia patients (DNS) and 67 healthy controls (HC). We performed the Measurements and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) for cognitive assessment and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for psychiatric symptoms. Plasma concentrations of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were measured. The MCCB neurocognition score, social cognition score, and total score; the plasma concentrations of NGAL, IFN-γ, and NF-κB were significantly decreased in DNS than in HC (all P’s < 0.001). PANSS negative subscale (PNS), PANSS reduced expressive subdomain (RES) negatively correlated with neurocognition score (P = 0.007; P = 0.011, respectively). Plasma concentrations of IFN-γ and NGAL positively correlated with neurocognition score (P = 0.043; P = 0.008, relatively). The interactions of PNS × NGAL; PNS × IFN-γ; RES × IFN-γ accounted for significant neurocognition variance (P = 0.025; P = 0.029, P = 0.007, respectively). Simple slope analysis showed that all the above moderating effects only occurred in patients with near normal IFN-γ and NGAL levels. Plasma concentrations of IFN-γ and NGAL moderated the relationship between negative symptoms (especially RES) and neurocognition in schizophrenia. Treatment targeting inflammation may contribute to neurocognition improvement in schizophrenia.

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The data that supported the findings of the study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We thank all of the study participants for their cooperation.

Funding

This work was supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Bureau (22JCZDJC00110); Tianjin Key Medical Discipline (Specialty) Construction Project (TJYXZDXK-033A); Tianjin Key Medical Discipline (Specialty) Construction Project of Tianjin Health Commission (TJWJ2022XK039); Foundation of Tianjin Health Commission for Young Scholars (KJ20067).

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  1. Meijuan Li, Guoshuai Luo and Yuying Qiu have contributed equally to this paper.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tianjin Mental Health Institute, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China

    Meijuan Li, Guoshuai Luo, Yuying Qiu, Xue Zhang, Xiaoxiao Sun, Yanzhe Li, Yongping Zhao, Wei Sun, Shu Yang & Jie Li

  2. Chifeng Anding Hospital, Chifeng, China

    Xue Zhang

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  1. Meijuan Li
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Contributions

JL: designed the study and wrote the study protocol. ML, YQ, GL, SY, WS, XZ, and YZ: acquired the data. XS and YL: completed the ELISA. ML: performed the statistical analyses. JL, ML, and YQ: interpreted the data and drafted the initial manuscript. All authors contributed to the final drafting and critically revised the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jie Li.

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Li, M., Luo, G., Qiu, Y. et al. Negative symptoms and neurocognition in drug-naïve schizophrenia: moderating role of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and interferon-gamma (INF-γ). Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-023-01650-6

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