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Decidual macrophage: a reversible role in immunotolerance between mother and fetus during pregnancy

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Abstract

The tolerance of the semi-allogeneic fetus by the maternal immune system is an eternal topic of reproductive immunology for ensuring a satisfactory outcome. The maternal–fetal interface serves as a direct portal for communication between the fetus and the mother. It is composed of placental villi trophoblast cells, decidual immune cells, and stromal cells. Decidual immune cells engage in maintaining the homeostasis of the maternal–fetal interface microenvironment. Furthermore, growing evidence has shown that decidual macrophages play a crucial role in maternal–fetal tolerance during pregnancy. As the second largest cell population among decidual immune cells, decidual macrophages are divided into two subtypes: classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2). M2 polarization is critical for placentation and embryonic development. Cytokines, exosomes, and metabolites regulate the polarization of decidual macrophages, and thereby modulate maternal–fetal immunotolerance. Explore the initial relationship between decidual macrophages polarization and maternal–fetal immunotolerance will help diagnose and treat the relevant pregnancy diseases, reverse the undesirable outcomes of mothers and infants.

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Data availability

All relevant data are within the paper. The data are available from the corrsponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

DM\(\phi\) :

Deciduous macrophages

dSC:

Decidual stromal cell

dDC:

Decidual dendritic cell

M1:

Classically activated macrophage

M2:

Alternative activated macrophage

dM1:

Classically activated decidual macrophage

dM2:

Alternative activated decidumacrophage

dNK:

Decidual nature killer cell

LILR:

Leukocyte Ig-like receptors

KIR:

Killer cell Ig-like receptor

MSC:

Mesenchymal stem cell

CCR2:

CC chemokine receptor 2

CD11c:

Integrin\(\alpha\)-X

HMOX1:

Heme oxygenase-1

IL:

Interleukin

NLRP3:

NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3

GM-CSF:

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 2

M-CSF:

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor

IFN-\(\gamma\) :

Interferon \(\gamma\)

Tumor necrosis factor-\(\alpha\) :

TNF-\(\alpha\)

TGF-\(\beta\) :

Transforming growth factor \(\beta\)

STAT:

Signal transducer and activator of transcription

NOS2:

Nitric oxide synthase 2

IRF4:

Interferon regulatory factor 4

RSA:

Recurrent spontaneous abortion

PE:

Preecampsia

CRH:

Corticotropin-releasing hormone

hCG:

Human chorionic gonadotropin

VIP:

Vasoactive intestinal peptide

HDAC9:

Histone deacetylase 9

Tim-3:

T cell immunoglobulin mucin 3

Gal-9:

Galactoglutinin-9

UHRF1:

Ubiquitin like with PHD and ring finger domains 1

FBP:

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

EVT:

Extravillous trophoblasts

EXOC2:

Exocyst complex component 2

GAS6:

Growth arrest specific 6

NLRP7:

NLR family pyrin domain containing 7

PlGF:

Placental growth factor

PPAR\(\gamma\) :

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma

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  1. Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China

    Xiaotong Jiang & Lei Li

  2. Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China, No. 324, Jingwu Weiqi Road, Huaiyin District, 250021

    Lei Li

  3. The Laboratory of Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center (Institute of Translational Medicine), Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences) of China, Jinan, China, No. 6699, Qingdao Road, Huaiyin District, 250117

    Lei Li

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XTJ: Data collection, Manuscript writing. LL: Project Development and Manuscript Editing. All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Data collection was performed by XJ. The first draft of the manuscript was written by XJ and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Jiang, X., Li, L. Decidual macrophage: a reversible role in immunotolerance between mother and fetus during pregnancy. Arch Gynecol Obstet 309, 1735–1744 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-023-07364-3

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