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Lichen planus is associated with depression and anxiety: a cross-sectional study in the All of Us research program

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Abstract

Lichen planus (LP) can be accompanied by psychiatric comorbidities. Studies investigating the relationship between LP and clinically diagnosed anxiety and depression are limited. We aimed to determine the association of LP with anxiety and depression by conducting a cross-sectional population study of the All of Us research database, a National Institutes of Health cohort. Patients with LP were identified through electronic health record data using codes from the International Classification of Diseases and Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess associations between LP and anxiety and depression before and after controlling for relevant covariates. Among 239,552 participants, 1083 individuals with LP were identified, with an average age of 67.20 years (standard deviation, 11.79) and a female predominance (74% female). The prevalence of depression and anxiety were higher among individuals with LP than in those without (41.6% vs 27.7%, p < 0.001; 43.5% vs 29.6%, p < 0.001). LP remained significantly associated with depression (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.20–1.56, p < 0.001) and anxiety (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.30–1.68, p < 0.001) after controlling for age, sex, hypothyroidism, autoimmune diseases, hypertension, type II diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and hepatitis C infection. In this cross-sectional study, LP was associated with an increase in odds of having depression and anxiety in multivariable analysis. Further study is needed to better understand the relationship between mental health outcomes and LP to address the needs of patients with LP more completely.

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Acknowledgements

The All of Us Research Program is supported by the National Institutes of Health, Office of the Director: Regional Medical Centers: 1 OT2 OD026549; 1 OT2 OD026554; 1 OT2 OD026557; 1 OT2 OD026556; 1 OT2 OD026550; 1 OT2 OD 026552; 1 OT2 OD026553; 1 OT2 OD026548; 1 OT2 OD026551; 1 OT2 OD026555; IAA #: AOD 16037; Federally Qualified Health Centers: HHSN 263201600085U; Data and Research Center: 5 U2C OD023196; Biobank: 1 U24 OD023121; The Participant Center: U24 OD023176; Participant Technology Systems Center: 1 U24 OD023163; Communications and Engagement: 3 OT2 OD023205; 3 OT2 OD023206; and Community Partners: 1 OT2 OD025277; 3 OT2 OD025315; 1 OT2 OD025337; 1 OT2 OD025276. In addition, the All of Us Research Program would not be possible without the partnership of its participants.

Funding

The funding source is provided by Yale School of Medicine Fellowship for Medical Student Research and Paul Lavietes, M.D. Memorial Fund.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    Suyeon Hong & Ryan Fan

  2. Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, 15 York St, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA

    Jeffrey M. Cohen

Authors
  1. Suyeon Hong
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  2. Ryan Fan
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  3. Jeffrey M. Cohen
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Contributions

SH wrote the manuscript with support from JMC and RF. RF performed statistical analysis. All authors conceptualized and reviewed the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jeffrey M. Cohen.

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Competing interests

JMC serves on a data and safety monitoring board for Advarra. SH and RF have no conflicts of interest to declare.

IRB information

This study (IRB Protocol #2000032960) has been deemed not to be human subjects research by the Yale University Institutional Review Board.

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Hong, S., Fan, R. & Cohen, J.M. Lichen planus is associated with depression and anxiety: a cross-sectional study in the All of Us research program. Arch Dermatol Res 315, 1417–1419 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-022-02459-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-022-02459-4

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