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Perilla, sunflower, and tea seed oils as potential dietary supplements with anti-obesity effects by modulating the gut microbiota composition in mice fed a high-fat diet

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Abstract

Purpose

Obesity has become a serious public health problem with its alarmingly increasing prevalence worldwide, prompting researchers to create and develop several anti-obesity drugs. Here, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of perilla seed oil (PSO), sunflower oil (SFO), and tea seed oil (TSO) against obesity through the modulation of the gut microbiota composition and related metabolic changes in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD).

Methods

Mice were divided into six equal groups: ND (normal diet); HFD; ORL (HFD supplemented with 20 mg/kg body weight of orlistat); PSO, SFO, and TSO (HFD supplemented with 2 g/kg body weight of PSO, SFO, and TSO, respectively).

Results

Our findings showed that PSO, SFO, and TSO supplementation significantly reduced body weight, organ weight, blood glucose, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), insulin resistance, and improved serum lipid levels (TG, TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C). Meanwhile, the three treatments alleviated oxidative stress and hepatic steatosis and reduced liver lipid accumulation. Relative mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1) and lipid synthesis-related genes (PPAR-γ, FAS, and SREBP-1) were down-regulated, while β-oxidation-related genes (PPAR-α, CPT1a, and CPT1b) were up-regulated in the liver tissue of treated mice. Besides, dietary oil supplementation alleviated HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis by promoting gut microbiota richness and diversity, decreasing the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio, and boosting the abundance of some healthy bacteria, like Akkermansia.

Conclusions

PSO, SFO, and TSO supplementation could alleviate inflammation, oxidative stress, and hepatic steatosis, likely by modulating the gut microbiota composition in HFD-fed mice.

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Data availability

All data generated in this study are contained within the article or supplementary material file.

Abbreviations

ALA:

Alpha-linolenic acid

CPT1a:

Carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1a

CPT1b:

Carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1b

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

DHA:

Docosahexaenoic acid

EPA:

Eicosapentaenoic acid

FAS:

Fatty acid synthase

F/B ratio:

Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio

LA:

Linoleic acid

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharides

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

OA:

Oleic acid

ORL:

Orlistat

PPAR-α:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha

PPAR-γ:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma

PSO:

Perilla seed oil

PUFA:

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

qRT-PCR:

quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR

SFA:

Saturated fatty acids

SFO:

Sunflower oil

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

SREBP-1:

Sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1

TSO:

Tea seed oil

USFA:

Unsaturated fatty acids

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Funding

This work was supported by the Chongqing Modern Mountainous Characteristic Efficient Agricultural Industrial Technology System (Innovation Team No. 2021 [4]); Key R&D projects of Sichuan Science and Technology Plan (2020YFN0148).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, People’s Republic of China

    Waleed A. S. Aldamarany, Zhao Yi & Geng Zhong

  2. Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, Egypt

    Waleed A. S. Aldamarany

  3. Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Science, Chongqing, 400060, China

    Huang Taocui & Han Mei

  4. Science and Technology Department, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, 401334, China

    Deng Liling

  5. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Specialty Food Co-Built By Sichuan and Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China

    Geng Zhong

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Contributions

WA: conceived and designed experiments, performed the majority of the experiments, data analysis, and wrote the manuscript. HT and DL: contributed to reagents, materials, data curation, methodology, and software. HM and ZY: contributed to experiments, investigation, methodology, and data curation. GZ: conceived and designed the experiments, supervised the study, and checked and submitted the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Geng Zhong.

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The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

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The animal experiment protocol was supervised and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Southwest University (IACUC No. Approved IACUC-20210225-06).

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Aldamarany, W.A.S., Taocui, H., Liling, D. et al. Perilla, sunflower, and tea seed oils as potential dietary supplements with anti-obesity effects by modulating the gut microbiota composition in mice fed a high-fat diet. Eur J Nutr 62, 2509–2525 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-023-03155-3

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