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Epidemiology of hospital admitted traumatic head injuries of children in a rural district of Germany

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Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin

Zusammenfassung

Das Schädel-Hirn-Trauma (SHT) ist eine der häufigsten Traumadiagnosen im Kindesalter, aber die epidemiologische Datenlage ist spärlich. In einer prospektiven Studie analysierten wir die Daten stationär aufgenommener Kinder in einem ländlichen Bezirk Bayerns, BRD. Die Inzidenz lag bei 300/100000. 46,3% der Unfälle passierten zuhause, gefolgt von Sport- und Freizeitaktivitäten (34,5%). 72% der Patienten wurden von ihren Eltern zur Klinik transportiert, 12% von Rettungsorganisationen und 14% vom Notarztdienst. 81,4% wurden in einer Kinderklinik oder einer kinderchirurgischen Abteilung aufgenommen. 31% der von einem Notarzt begleiteten Kinder kamen ohne Glasgow-Coma-Scale (GCS) zur Aufnahme. 97,3% der Kinder erlitten leichte (GCS 15–13), 1,7% mittlere (GCS 12–9) und 1% schwere SHT (GCS<9). Die Diagnostik umfasste vorwiegend die konventionelle Schädel-Röntgenaufnahme (73,8%), das EEG (59%) und das CT (13,4%). Bei den klinischen Maßnahmen standen die Überwachung (51%) und das Monitoring (35%) im Vordergrund, 6,8% wurden auf einer Intensivstation behandelt, 3,5% wegen Blutung oder Fraktur operativ versorgt. 143 Kinder erlitten 161 Begleitverletzungen, 7 hatten ein Polytrauma. Die mittlere Dauer des stationären Aufenthaltes betrug 3,9 Tage. 4 Patienten mit schweren SHTs benötigten eine Langzeit-Rehabilitation.

Summary

Head injury is one of the most frequent trauma diagnoses in children, but epidemiological data is sparse. In a prospective study we analyzed data of children admitted to hospital in a rural district of Bavaria, Germany. The incidence was 300/100000. Of these injuries, 46.3% happened at home, followed by 34.5% which occurred during sports or leisure activities. Of the children 72% were brought to the hospital by their parents, 12% by regular ambulance and 16% by a doctor staffed ambulance. 81.4% were immediately sent to pediatric or pediatric surgical departments. Of the children who were accompanied by emergency doctors 31% arrived without being subject to the Glasgow coma scale (GCS). 97.3% suffered mild head trauma (GCS 15–13), 1.7% had moderate (GCS 12–9) and 1% severe injuries (GCS<9). Diagnostic procedures included radiography of the scull (73.8%), EEG (59%) and CT (13.4%). Personal observation (51%) and monitoring (35%) were the main clinical procedures. Of the children 6.8% were transferred to ICU, 3.5% to the operation room due to fracture or bleeding. 143 patients had 161 additional injuries; 7 were polytraumatized. The average hospital stay was 3.9 days. Four children with severe head trauma needed prolonged rehabilitation.

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Received: 30 January 2001 /Accepted: 29 March 2001

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Schmittenbecher, P., Fiedler, A. & Hierl, C. Epidemiology of hospital admitted traumatic head injuries of children in a rural district of Germany. Intensivmed 38, 484–489 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/s003900170046

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s003900170046

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