Abstract
A consolidated effort at optically characterising flow patterns, in-nozzle cavitation, and near-nozzle jet structure of a marine diesel fuel injector is presented. A combination of several optical techniques was employed to fully transparent injector models, compound metal-glass and full metal injectors. They were all based on a common real-scale dual nozzle hole geometry for a marine two-stroke diesel engine. In a stationary flow rig, flow velocities in the sac-volume and nozzle holes were measured using PIV, and in-nozzle cavitation visualized using high-resolution shadowgraphs. The effect of varying cavitation number was studied and results compared to CFD predictions. In-nozzle cavitation and near-nozzle jet structure during transient operation were visualized simultaneously, using high-speed imaging in an atmospheric pressure spray rig. Near-nozzle spray formation was investigated using ballistic imaging. Finally, the injector geometry was tested on a full-scale marine diesel engine, where the dynamics of near-nozzle jet development was visualized using high-speed shadowgraphy. The range of studies focused on a single common geometry allows a comprehensive survey of phenomena ranging from first inception of cavitation under well-controlled flow conditions to fuel jet structure at real engine conditions.
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Acknowledgments
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under Grant Agreement No. 284354 (Hercules C).
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Movie 1
High-speed movies of cavitation recorded at 224000 frames per second in the stationary flow rig, exposure time: 248 ns. View: 5.3×4.1 mm2. Cavitation number CN≈1.5 (AVI 3223 kb)
Movie 2
High-speed movies of cavitation recorded at 224000 frames per second in the stationary flow rig, exposure time: 248 ns. View: 5.3×4.1 mm2. Cavitation number CN≈4 (AVI 1652 kb)
Movie 3
High-speed movie of cavitation recorded at 400000 frames per second in the stationary flow rig, exposure time: 248 ns, view: 2.6×2.1 mm2 , CN≈4 (AVI 832 kb)
Movie 4
High-speed movie of cavitation structures at start of injection in the transient flow rig. High-speed video was recorded at 65500 frames per second. Image view: 3.0×2.7 mm2 (AVI 643 kb)
Movie 5
High-speed movie of orifice flow and spray formation during the initial transient of injection. High-speed video was acquired at 37500 frames per second. Image view: 7.3×7.3 mm2 (AVI 1437 kb)
Movie 6
High-speed shadowgraph movie of fuel injection, recorded in a 4T50ME-X engine running at 97.5 rpm. Frame rate: 20000 fps (0.03 CAD image separation). View: 11.3×9.8 mm2 (AVI 4392 kb)
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Hult, J., Simmank, P., Matlok, S. et al. Interior flow and near-nozzle spray development in a marine-engine diesel fuel injector. Exp Fluids 57, 49 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-016-2134-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-016-2134-8