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Chronisch-progressive externe Ophthalmoplegie und Kearns-Sayre-Syndrom

Interdisziplinäre Diagnostik und Therapie

Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia and Kearns–Sayre syndrome

Interdisciplinary diagnosis and therapy

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Kernsymptome der chronisch-progressiven externen Ophthalmoplegie (CPEO) und des Kearns-Sayre-Syndroms (KSS) sind Ptosis und externe Ophthalmoplegie. Nach neuen Erkenntnissen haben diese Erkrankungen eine deutlich höhere Prävalenz als bisher angenommen, sind aber aufgrund der hohen phänotypischen Variabilität oft schwierig zu diagnostizieren.

Material und Methoden

Retrospektive Analyse von 30 Patienten mit CPEO oder KSS hinsichtlich ophthalmologischer und neurologischer Befunde sowie Molekulargenetik.

Ergebnisse

Bei 27 Patienten stellte eine Ptosis das erste Krankheitssymptom dar, bei 11 dieser Patienten war die Symptomatik initial einseitig oder asymmetrisch. Nur 3 Patienten hatten als Erstsymptom eine Bulbusmotilitätseinschränkung, im Verlauf waren hiervon 27 Patienten betroffen. Außenschielen war die häufigste Form des Strabismus. Doppelbilder traten deutlich häufiger auf als bisher beschrieben. Bei 26 Patienten zeigten sich typische Befunde der Skelettmuskelbiopsie, bei 22 Patienten eine Mutation der mitochondrialen DNA.

Schlussfolgerung

Bei ätiologisch unklarer erworbener Ptosis, untypischen Augenbewegungsstörungen und Doppelbildern sollten mitochondriale Erkrankungen frühzeitig in differenzialdiagnostische Überlegungen einbezogen werden. Erst die korrekte Diagnose ermöglicht eine qualifizierte Beratung sowie die Vermeidung potenziell lebensbedrohlicher Komplikationen, z. B. bei kardialer Mitbeteiligung.

Abstract

Background

The main symptom of chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) and Kearns–Sayre syndrome (KSS) are upper eyelid ptosis and a slowly progressive weakness of the extraocular muscles. Mitochondrial disorders are much more frequent than previously assumed. Because of great phenotypic variability, early diagnosis may prove to be difficult.

Material and methods

Retrospective analysis of 30 patients with CPEO or KSS with regard to ophthalmological and neurological findings as well as molecular genetic background.

Results

Twenty-seven patients presented with upper eyelid ptosis as the first clinical symptom. In 11 of these patients, ptosis was either unilateral or asymmetric. External ophthalmoplegia was present in only three patients initially; however, it developed in 27 patients in the later course of the disease. Diplopia was found to be more frequent than previously assumed. Twenty-six patients showed characteristic histological hallmarks in skeletal muscle biopsy. In 22 patients, molecular genetic testing revealed mitochondrial DNA mutations.

Conclusions

Mitochondrial disorders should be included in the early differential diagnosis of patients with etiologically unclear acquired isolated unilateral or bilateral ptosis, atypical eye movement disorders, or diplopia. A correct diagnosis is mandatory for qualified counseling and the management of potentially life-threatening complications, such as cardiac involvement.

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Wabbels, B., Ali, N., Kunz, W. et al. Chronisch-progressive externe Ophthalmoplegie und Kearns-Sayre-Syndrom. Ophthalmologe 105, 550–556 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-007-1643-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-007-1643-5

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