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Host Plant Regulates Growth Processes, Ion Homeostasis, and Salinity Tolerance of Sandalwood (Santalum album L.)

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Abstract

Salinity is one of the most detrimental abiotic stresses to the productivity of crops. Saline lands can be easily transformed into commercial forest plantations by growing high value tree species. Therefore, present investigation was undertaken to assess the effect of saline irrigation (ECiw ~ 9), including control, and ten different host species (Melia dubia, Dalbergia sissoo, Azadirachta indica, Casuarina equisetifolia, Acacia ampliceps, Citrus aurantium, Punica granatum, Syzygium cumini, Phyllanthus emblica, and Leucaena leucocephala) on growth, physiological processes and salinity tolerance of sandalwood (Santalum album L.). Results revealed that hosts D. sissoo, A. indica, and M. dubia maintained high (p < 0.05) K+ /Na+ ratio and resulted in higher growth of sandalwood under salinity stress. The plant growth traits of sandalwood showed variable trends of decline with different hosts under the same conditions. The biomass of sandalwood decreased by 41–75% under salinity stress; resulting in the substantial differences for salinity tolerance varying from 25 to 59.8%. Sandalwood grown with D. sissoo produced maximum (p  <  0.05) biomass under salinity stress as well as depicted higher salinity tolerance. The growth parameters (collar diameter, height, and biomass) of sandalwood exhibited a highly negative (p <  0.05) correlation with Na+ ion under salinity stress. Hosts M. dubia, D. sissoo, and A. indica showed only a slight decline in growth and biomass of sandalwood under salinity stress. Results suggested that sandalwood growth is modulated mainly by host species under both control and salinity stress, and thus have immense potential for cultivation with suitable host in the degraded saline soils.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to Director, ICAR-CSSRI, Karnal for providing the administrative support for conducting the research work.

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Author(s) declare that they didn’t receive any funding or research grants (and their source) in the course of study, research or assembly of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR – Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India

    Kamlesh Verma, Raj Kumar, Ashwani Kumar & Ajay Kumar Bhardwaj

  2. CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India

    Ramesh Chander Verma

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  1. Kamlesh Verma
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  2. Raj Kumar
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  3. Ashwani Kumar
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  4. Ajay Kumar Bhardwaj
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Correspondence to Raj Kumar, Ashwani Kumar or Ajay Kumar Bhardwaj.

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Verma, K., Kumar, R., Kumar, A. et al. Host Plant Regulates Growth Processes, Ion Homeostasis, and Salinity Tolerance of Sandalwood (Santalum album L.). J Plant Growth Regul 42, 4423–4435 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-023-10906-3

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