Abstract
Eleven climate system models that participate in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) were evaluated based on an assessment of their simulated meridional transports in comparison with the Sverdrup transports. The analyses show that the simulated North Pacific Ocean circulation is essentially in Sverdrup balance in most of the 11 models while the Argo geostrophic meridional transports indicate significant non-Sverdrup gyre circulation in the tropical North Pacific Ocean. The climate models overestimated the observed tropical and subtropical volume transports significantly. The non-Sverdrup gyre circulation leads to non-Sverdrup heat and salt transports, the absence of which in the CMIP5 simulations suggests deficiencies of the CMIP5 model dynamics in simulating the realistic meridional volume, heat, and salt transports of the ocean.
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Data Availability Statement
All CMIP5 model simulation data are distributed by the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) at the website https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/search/cmip5/. The data are open to public without registration.
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We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme’s Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups for producing and making available their model output.
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Supported by the National Natural Foundation of China (Nos. 41421005, 41720104008, 91858204), the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2012CB956001), the Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (No. 2016ASKJ04), the Chinese Academy of Science (No. XDA11010205), and the Shandong Provincial Projects (Nos. 2014GJJS0101, U1406401)
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Li, X., Yuan, D. An assessment of the CMIP5 models in simulating the Argo geostrophic meridional transport in the North Pacific Ocean. J. Ocean. Limnol. 38, 1445–1463 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-020-0002-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-020-0002-0