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Structural and electrical studies of Ni- and Co-substituted Mn3O4

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Abstract

In this research, we report the structure, microstructure and conduction mechanism study of nickel and cobalt co-substituted Mn3O4 with systematic variation in cobalt concentration. Co-substituted Mn3O4 was prepared by coprecipitation technique in an aqueous solution of metal nitrates and ammonia. X-ray diffraction study of nickel and cobalt co-substituted Mn3O4 established the pure and single-phase formations crystallized in tetragonal crystal symmetry. The overall crystallite size estimated by the Scherrer equation was ~ 30 nm to 50 nm after calcination whereas it was ~ 52 nm to 177 nm after sintering. The microstructure analysis was performed from a scanning electron microscope, and the average grain size was estimated between 2.6 µm to 7.8 µm. The DC conductivity of the substitute Mn3O4 was measured between 300 °C and 720 °C using the two-probe technique. The temperature-dependent resistivity measured for all co-substituted Mn3O4 samples showed decreasing resistivity trend confirming the negative temperature coefficient of resistance behavior. The increase in activation energy as a function of Co concentration was attributed to Verwey and de Bohr hopping mechanism.

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Acknowledgements

Author (RS) gratefully acknowledges the Head, Dept of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, IIT Madras and authorities of IIT Madras, Chennai, for providing Institute Post Doctoral Fellowship. Thanks also for Prof. R L Raibagkar, Dept of Materials Science, Gulbarga University, for providing DC conductivity measurement.

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  1. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India

    Raghavendra Sagar & Ashutosh S. Gandhi

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  1. Raghavendra Sagar
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Correspondence to Ashutosh S. Gandhi.

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Sagar, R., Gandhi, A.S. Structural and electrical studies of Ni- and Co-substituted Mn3O4. Appl. Phys. A 127, 84 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-020-04254-2

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