Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Effects of high-energy milling on the solid-state synthesis of pure nano-sized Li4Ti5O12 for high power lithium battery applications

  • Published:
Applied Physics A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Li4Ti5O12 was synthesized from Li2CO3 and anatase TiO2 using different degree of milling to test the hypothesis that finer starting materials can result in a smaller Li4Ti5O12 particle size and better high-rate discharging capacities. The degree of milling was controlled using three different ZrO2 media sizes for 3 hours of high-energy milling, whereas 5 mm balls were used for 24 hours ball milling. High-energy milling produced significantly finer starting materials and Li4Ti5O12 particles compared to those produced by ball milling. Among the three different balls used in high-energy milling, the 0.10 mm media showed the most favorable results. Pure Li4Ti5O12 with a mean particle size of 146 and 175 nm were synthesized by an economic solid-state reaction combined with high-energy milling using 0.05 and 0.10 mm beads, respectively. These pure nano-sized Li4Ti5O12 exhibited a much higher specific capacity and superior rate capability than those of coarse rutile TiO2-contained Li4Ti5O12 particles.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. M. Armand, J.M. Tarascon, Nature 451, 652 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. H. Nishide, K. Oyaizu, Science 319, 737 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. S. Scharner, W. Weppner, P. Schmid-Beurmann, J. Electrochem. Soc. 146, 857 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. F. Ronci, P. Reale, B. Scrosati, S. Panero, V.R. Albertini, P. Perfetti, M. Di Michiel, J.M. Merino, J. Phys. Chem. 106, 3082 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. J.W. Shin, K.Y. Chung, J.H. Ryu, I.W. Park, D.H. Yoon, Appl. Phys. A 107, 769 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. K. Zaghib, M. Armand, M. Gauthier, J. Electrochem. Soc. 145, 3135 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. J. Li, Z. Tang, Z. Zhang, Electrochem. Commun. 7, 894 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. S.Y. Yin, L. Song, X.Y. Wang, M.F. Zhang, K.L. Zhang, Y.X. Zhang, Electrochim. Acta 54, 5629 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. J.W. Shin, C.H. Hong, D.H. Yoon, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 95, 1894 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. W.J. Macklin, R.J. Neat, Solid State Ion. 53–56, 694 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Y.S. Hu, L. Kienle, Y.G. Guo, J. Maier, Adv. Mater. 18, 1421 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. S. Bach, J.P. Pereira-Ramos, P. Willman, Electrochim. Acta 55, 4952 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. S.S. Ryu, D.H. Yoon, J. Mater. Sci. 42, 7093 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. D.H. Yoon, J. Ceram Process. Res. 7, 343 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  15. S.W. Han, J.W. Shin, D.H. Yoon, Ceram. Int. 38, 6963 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. K. Zaghib, M. Simoneau, M. Armand, M. Gauthier, J. Power Sources 81–82, 300 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. G. Wang, J. Xu, M. Wen, R. Cai, R. Ran, Z. Shao, Solid State Ion. 179, 946 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. P.S. Ha, H.J. Youn, J.S. Jung, K.S. Hong, Y.H. Park, K.H. Ko, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 223, 16 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. J. Arbiol, J. Cerdà, G. Dezanneau, A. Cirera, A. Peiró, A. Cornet, J.R. Morante, J. Appl. Phys. 92, 853 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. S.A. Borkar, S.R. Dharwadkar, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 78, 761 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. T. Yuan, R. Cai, R. Ran, Y. Zhou, Z. Shao, J. Alloys Compd. 505, 367 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. I. Barin, Thermochemical Data of Pure Substances (VCH, New York, 1989), pp. 1546–1547

    Google Scholar 

  23. C.H. Hong, A. Noviyanto, J.H. Ryu, J. Kim, D.H. Yoon, Ceram. Int. 38, 301 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. J.W. Shin, J.H. Ryu, J. Jeong, D.H. Yoon, J. Electroceram. 28, 178 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. B.D. Begg, E.R. Vance, J. Nowotny, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 77, 3186 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the Industrial Core Technology Program funded by The Ministry of the Knowledge Economy, Republic of Korea (Project No. 10035302).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, Korea

    Seung-Woo Han & Dang-Hyok Yoon

  2. Cell Precedence Development Group, Samsung SDI, Yongin, 446-577, Korea

    Joayoung Jeong

Authors
  1. Seung-Woo Han
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Joayoung Jeong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Dang-Hyok Yoon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dang-Hyok Yoon.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Han, SW., Jeong, J. & Yoon, DH. Effects of high-energy milling on the solid-state synthesis of pure nano-sized Li4Ti5O12 for high power lithium battery applications. Appl. Phys. A 114, 925–930 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-013-7768-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-013-7768-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation