Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Spintronic microwave imaging

  • Invited paper
  • Published:
Applied Physics A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

By using an on-chip microwave sensor employing spintronic and spin caloritronic principles, a spintronic technique has been developed for microwave imaging. This novel technique allows microwave fields to be directly rectified on chip into dc voltage signals. This imaging technique does not require complicated and expensive microwave systems to operate, yet it can still electrically detect scattered microwave fields accurately enough to image embedded defects and hidden objects. By varying the experimental setup, apparatuses based on spintronic sensors have been developed for achieving both near- and far-field imaging (at microwave frequencies) as well as for performing on-chip dielectric analysis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. P.J. Shull, Nondestructive Evaluation: Theory, Techniques, and Applications (Marcel Dekker, New York, 2002)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  2. R. Zoughi, Microwave Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation (Kluwer, Dordrecht, 2000)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  3. Y.-L. Lu, T. Wei, F. Duewer, Y. Lu, N.-B. Ming, P.G. Schultz, X.-D. Xiang, Science 276, 5321 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  4. E.C. Fear, S.C. Hagness, P.M. Meaney, M. Okoniewski, M.A. Stuchly, IEEE Microw. Mag. 3, 48 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. L. Diener, Res. Nondestruct. Eval. 7, 137 (1995)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. Y.J. Kim, L. Jofre, F.d. Flaviis, M.Q. Feng, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 51, 3022 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. K. Arunachalam, V.R. Melapudi, L. Udpa, S.S. Udpa, Nondestruct. Test. Eval. Int. 39, 585 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  8. M. Pirola, V. Teppati, V. Camarchia, IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. 10, 14 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. G.R. Facer, D.A. Notterman, L.L. Sohn, Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 996 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. C. Song, P. Wang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 023901 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. X.F. Zhu, M. Harder, A. Wirthman, B. Zhang, W. Lu, Y.S. Gui, C.-M. Hu, Phys. Rev. B 83, 104407 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. Z.X. Cao, M. Harder, L. Fu, B. Zhang, W. Lu, G.E. Bridges, Y.S. Gui, C.-M. Hu, Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 252406 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. H.J. Juretschke, J. Appl. Phys. 31, 1401 (1960)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. Y.S. Gui, N. Mecking, X. Zhou, G. Williams, C.-M. Hu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 107602 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. Z.H. Zhang, Y.S. Gui, L. Fu, X.L. Fan, J.W. Cao, D.S. Xue, P.P. Freitas, D. Houssameddine, S. Hemour, K. Wu, C.-M. Hu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 037206 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. C. Wang, Y.-T. Cui, J.Z. Sun, J.A. Katine, R.A. Buhrman, D.C. Ralph, J. Appl. Phys. 106, 053905 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. S. Ishibashi, T. Seki, T. Nozaki, H. Kubota, S. Yakata, A. Fukushima, S. Yuasa, H. Maehara, K. Tsunekawa, D.D. Djayaprawira, Y. Suzuki, Appl. Phys. Express 3, 073001 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. O. Prokopenko, G. Melkov, E. Bankowski, T. Meitzler, V. Tiberkevich, A. Slavin, Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 032507 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. L.H. Bai, Y.S. Gui, A. Wirthmann, E. Recksiedler, N. Mecking, C.-M. Hu, Z.H. Chen, S.C. Shen, Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 032504 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. X. Fan, R. Cao, T. Moriyama, W. Wang, H.W. Zhang, J.Q. Xiao, Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 122501 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. M. Harder, Z.X. Cao, Y.S. Gui, X.L. Fan, C.-M. Hu, Phys. Rev. B 84, 54423 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. X. Fan, S. Kim, X. Kou, J. Kolodzey, H. Zhang, J.Q. Xiao, Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 212501 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. X.F. Zhu, M. Harder, J. Tayler, A. Wirthmann, B. Zhang, W. Lu, Y.S. Gui, C.-M. Hu, Phys. Rev. B 83, 140402(R) (2011)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. A. Wirthman, X. Fan, Y.S. Gui, K. Martens, G. Williams, J. Dietrich, G.E. Bridges, C.-M. Hu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 017202 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. A. Sugihara, M. Kodzuka, K. Yakushiji, H. Kubota, S. Yuasa, A. Yamamoto, K. Ando, K. Takanashi, T. Ohkubo, K. Hono, A. Fukushima, Appl. Phys. Express 3, 065204 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. A. Fukushima, K. Yagami, A. Tulapurkar, Y. Suzuki, H. Kubota, A. Yamamoto, S. Yuasa, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 44, L12 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. M. Walter, J. Walowski, V. Zbarsky, M. Münzenberg, M. Schäfers, D. Ebke, G. Reiss, A. Thomas, P. Peretzki, M. Seibt, J.S. Moodera, M. Czerner, M. Bachmann, C. Heiliger, Nat. Mater. 10, 742 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. W. Lin, M. Hehn, L. Chaput, B. Negulescu, S. Andrieu, F. Montaigne, S. Mangin, Nat. Commun. 3, 744 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. G.E.W. Bauer, E. Saitoh, B.J. van Wees, Nat. Phys. 11, 391 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. E.A. Ash, G. Nicholls, Nature (London) 237, 510 (1972)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This review article has been based on many collaborative studies as identified in the reference section. We would like to thank all our coauthors in these studies for their valuable contributions. We would also like to thank H. Guo, H. Abou-Rachid, J.Q. Xiao, S. Pistorius, L. Shafai, and J. LoVetri for their discussions, and F. Lin and J.D. Wu for their help in fabricating microfluidic channels. This work is funded by NSERC, CFI, URGP, CMC, the Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation (CBCF), and NSFC (No. 10990100 and No. 11128408) grants.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, China

    Z. X. Cao & W. Lu

  2. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada

    L. Fu, Y. S. Gui & C.-M. Hu

Authors
  1. Z. X. Cao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. W. Lu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. L. Fu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Y. S. Gui
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. C.-M. Hu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to C.-M. Hu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Cao, Z.X., Lu, W., Fu, L. et al. Spintronic microwave imaging. Appl. Phys. A 111, 329–337 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-013-7553-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-013-7553-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation