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Mesophotic zone as refuge: acclimation and in-depth proteomic response of yellow gorgonians in the Mediterranean sea

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Abstract

The intensification of warming-induced mass-mortalities in invertebrate populations including in temperate regions is a critical global issue. Mesophotic zones (30–150 m depth) have been suggested as potential refuges from climate change for gorgonian populations, offering hope for reseeding damaged shallow populations. Using a proteomic approach, we investigated the responses and acclimatization ability of the yellow gorgonian Eunicella cavolini along an environmental gradient following reciprocal transplantations between shallow (20 m) and mesophotic (70 m) zones. Our findings indicate that yellow gorgonians from mesophotic waters exhibit a greater plasticity when transplanted to shallow waters, compared to shallow gorgonians transplanted to the mesophotic zone at 70 m. Transplanted colonies from mesophotic to shallow waters showed an increasing level of proteins involved in immune response but displayed no signs of necrosis or apoptosis, highlighting the acclimation potential of mesophotic populations. These results suggest that Eunicella cavolini populations may exhibit physiological plasticity in response to future climate change, allowing natural colonization from mesophotic populations. This analysis offers valuable insights into gorgonians' cellular and molecular responses to environmental changes.

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Data availability

Raw mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE (Perez-Riverol et al. 2019) partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD037261. Metadata, including georeferences in decimal degrees, date of sampling event and unique sample identifier tags that can be matched to the deposited raw mass spectrometry data, are available in Supplementary Material (ESM9).

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the support and cooperation of the Parc National des Calanques, Marseille, and Septentrion Environnement for their logistical assistance in the field. This work is part of the DEEP EVO and DEEP HEART projects funded by the Sea and Coast Key Initiative of Montpellier University of Excellence (KIM) and the Laboratory of Excellence Mediterranean Center for the Environment and Biodiversity (Labex CeMEB), respectively. ABe acknowledges a PhD grant from the University of Montpellier–GAIA doctoral school. We also acknowledge the support provided by strategic funding from FCT–Fundação para a Ciência-e-a-Tecnologia through grants UIDB/04423/2020, UIDP/04423/2020, and 2021.00855.CEECIND. We express our gratitude to all those who contributed their sea water temperature data in T-mednet, with special thanks to Dorian Guillemain and Nathaniel Bensoussan. DA. is supported by the European FEDER Fund, project 1166-39417 and by Excellence Initiative of Aix-Marseille University-A*MIDEX, a French “Investissements d’Avenir” program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, Ifremer, IRD, CNRS, Sète, France

    Anaïs Beauvieux, Bastien Mérigot, Jean-Marc Fromentin, Régis Hocdé & Quentin Schull

  2. Ifremer, IRD, Institut Louis‐Malardé, Univ. Polynésie française, EIO, 98719, Taravao,Tahiti, Polynésie française, France

    Jérémy Le Luyer

  3. Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 23 rue du Loess, 67037, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France

    Nathan Couffin, Adrien Brown & Fabrice Bertile

  4. Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI, FR2048 CNRS CEA, Strasbourg 67087, France

    Nathan Couffin, Adrien Brown & Fabrice Bertile

  5. Septentrion Environnement, Marseille, France

    Olivier Bianchimani

  6. Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France

    Didier Aurelle

  7. CIIMAR/CIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Jean-Baptiste Ledoux

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  1. Anaïs Beauvieux
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Contributions

QS, BM, JBL, DA and FB designed the study. BM, QS, RH, OB and ABe did the fieldwork. FB, NC, and ABr realized the proteomic preparation and analysis. QS, ABe, NC, AB and FB managed the bioinformatics. ABe, JLL, JMF and QS did the statistical analysis. ABe and QS wrote the manuscript, BM, JLL, JBL, DA and JMF provided critical comments and contributed to the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Anaïs Beauvieux.

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The research described in the publication complies with relevant national laws implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity and Nagoya Protocol agreements (Nagoya Protocol—APA NOR: TREL2002508S/334 in date of the 3rd August 2020). Benefits from this research accrue from the sharing of our data and results on public databases as described above. Collection permits were issued by the Parc national des calanques, Marseille as part of the DEEPHEART project.

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Beauvieux, A., Mérigot, B., Le Luyer, J. et al. Mesophotic zone as refuge: acclimation and in-depth proteomic response of yellow gorgonians in the Mediterranean sea. Coral Reefs 43, 415–428 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-024-02477-w

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