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The giant oyster Hyotissa hyotis from the northern Red Sea as a decadal-scale archive for seasonal environmental fluctuations in coral reef habitats

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Abstract

This study explores the giant oyster Hyotissa hyotis as a novel environmental archive in tropical reef environments of the Indo-Pacific. The species is a typical accessory component in coral reefs, can reach sizes of tens of centimetres, and dates back to the Late Pleistocene. Here, a 70.2-mm-long oxygen and carbon isotope transect through the shell of a specimen collected at Safaga Bay, northern Red Sea, in May 1996, is presented. The transect runs perpendicularly to the foliate and vesicular layers of the inner ostracum near the ligament area of the oyster. The measured δ18O and δ13C records show sinusoidal fluctuations, which are independent of shell microstructure. The δ13C fluctuations exhibit the same wavelength as the δ18O fluctuations but are phase shifted. The δ18O record reflects the sea surface temperature variations from 1957 until 1996, possibly additionally influenced by the local evaporation. Due to locally enhanced evaporation in the semi-enclosed Safaga Bay, the δ18Oseawater value is estimated at 2.17‰, i.e., 0.3–0.8‰ higher than published open surface water δ18O values (1.36–1.85‰) from the region. The mean water temperature deviates by only 0.4°C from the expected value, and the minimum and maximum values are 0.5°C lower and 2.9°C higher, respectively. When comparing the mean monthly values, however, the sea surface temperature discrepancy between reconstructed and global grid datasets is always <1.0°C. The δ13C signal is weakly negatively correlated with regional chlorophyll a concentration and with the sunshine duration, which may reflect changes in the bivalve’s respiration. The study emphasises the palaeogeographic context in isotope studies based on fossils, because coastal embayments might not reflect open-water oceanographic conditions.

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Acknowledgments

Manuela Wimmer is thanked for assistance in the isotope laboratory. Max Wisshak and Matthias López Correa (both GeoZentrum Nordbayern), and Henning Kuhnert and Thomas Felis (both University Bremen) are gratefully acknowledged for fruitful discussions. We thank Michael Stachowitsch (University Vienna) for useful comments on a late version of the manuscript. Chris Romanek and an anonymous reviewer provided constructive reviews.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, 28359, Bremen, Germany

    J. Titschack

  2. Senckenberg am Meer, Abteilung für Meeresforschung, Südstrand 40, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany

    J. Titschack

  3. Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria

    M. Zuschin & C. Baal

  4. Department of Geology and Palaeontology, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria

    C. Spötl

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  1. J. Titschack
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  4. C. Baal
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Titschack, J., Zuschin, M., Spötl, C. et al. The giant oyster Hyotissa hyotis from the northern Red Sea as a decadal-scale archive for seasonal environmental fluctuations in coral reef habitats. Coral Reefs 29, 1061–1075 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-010-0665-7

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