Skip to main content
Log in

The rising role of magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers in diagnosing multiple sclerosis

  • Commentary
  • Published:
European Radiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  1. Reich DS, Lucchinetti CF, Calabresi PA (2018) Multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 378:169–180. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1401483

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Thompson AJ, Banwell BL, Barkhof F et al (2018) Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria. Lancet Neurol 17:162–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30470-2

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. McDonald WI, Compston A, Edan G et al (2001) Recommended diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines from the international panel on the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 50:121–127. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.1032

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Cerqueira JJ, Compston DAS, Geraldes R et al (2018) Time matters in multiple sclerosis: can early treatment and long-term follow-up ensure everyone benefits from the latest advances in multiple sclerosis? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 89:844–850. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2017-317509

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Sati P, Oh J, Constable RT et al (2016) The central vein sign and its clinical evaluation for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: a consensus statement from the North American Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis Cooperative. Nat Rev Neurol 12:714–722. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2016.166

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Tranfa M, Pontillo G, Petracca M et al (2022) Quantitative MRI in multiple sclerosis: from theory to application. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 43(12):1688–1695. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7536

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Al-Louzi O, Letchuman V, Manukyan S et al (2022) Central vein sign profile of newly developing lesions in multiple sclerosis: a 3-year longitudinal study. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 9(2):e1120. https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000001120

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Maggi P, Absinta M, Grammatico M et al (2018) Central vein sign differentiates Multiple Sclerosis from central nervous system inflammatory vasculopathies. Ann Neurol 83:283–294. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.25146

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Sinnecker T, Clarke MA, Meier D et al (2019) Evaluation of the central vein sign as a diagnostic imaging biomarker in multiple sclerosis. JAMA Neurol 76:1446–1456. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.2478

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Tranfa M, Tortora M, Pontillo G et al (2022) The central vein sign helps in differentiating multiple sclerosis from its mimickers: lessons from Fabry disease. Eur Radiol 32:3846–3854. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-021-08487-4

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Castellaro M, Tamanti A, Pisani AI et al (2020) The use of the central vein sign in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diagnostics 10:1025. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10121025

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Dal-Bianco A, Grabner G, Kronnerwetter C et al (2021) Long-term evolution of multiple sclerosis iron rim lesions in 7 T MRI. Brain 144:833–847. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awaa436

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Frischer JM, Weigand SD, Guo Y et al (2015) Clinical and pathological insights into the dynamic nature of the white matter multiple sclerosis plaque. Ann Neurol 78(5):710–721. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.24497

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Maggi P, Sati P, Nair G et al (2020) Paramagnetic rim lesions are specific to multiple sclerosis: an international multicenter 3T MRI study. Ann Neurol 88:1034–1042. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.25877

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Bevan RJ, Evans R, Griffiths L et al (2018) Meningeal inflammation and cortical demyelination in acute multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 84:829–842. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.25365

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Filippi M, Preziosa P, Arnold DL et al (2023) Present and future of the diagnostic work-up of multiple sclerosis: the imaging perspective. J Neurol 270:1286–1299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-022-11488-y

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. La Rosa F, Wynen M, Al-Louzi O et al (2022) Cortical lesions, central vein sign, and paramagnetic rim lesions in multiple sclerosis: emerging machine learning techniques and future avenues. Neuroimage Clin 36:103205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103205

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Nabizadeh F, Masrouri S, Ramezannezhad E et al (2022) Artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. Mult Scler Relat Disord 59:103673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2022.103673

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The authors state that this work has not received any funding.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sirio Cocozza.

Ethics declarations

Guarantor

The scientific guarantor of this publication is Sirio Cocozza.

Conflict of interest

S.C. received speaker fees from Sanofi and Amicus Therapeutics and a Research Grant from FISM (Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla) and Telethon.

The remaining authors of this manuscript declare no relationships with any companies, whose products or services may be related to the subject matter of the article.

Statistics and biometry

n.a.

Informed consent

n.a.

Ethical approval

n.a.

Study subjects or cohorts overlap

n.a.

Methodology

• Commentary

Additional information

Publisher's note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Pontillo, G., Cocozza, S. The rising role of magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers in diagnosing multiple sclerosis. Eur Radiol 33, 8043–8045 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-023-09738-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-023-09738-2

Navigation