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Membrane-related hallmarks of kinetin-induced PCD of root cortex cells

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Abstract

Key message

Changes in cellular membrane potential and their fluidisation are the hallmarks of cell death induction with kinetin in root cortex.

Abstract

Programmed cell death (PCD), one of the essential processes in plant development, is still poorly understood. In this paper, the scientific plant model, V. faba ssp. minor seedling roots after kinetin application which triggers off programmed death of cortex cells, was used to recognise membrane-related aspects of plant cell death. Spectrophotometric, reflectometric and microscopic studies showed that the PCD induced by kinetin is accompanied by higher potassium ions leakage from roots, loss of plasma and ER membrane potentials (expressed by their lower amounts and higher index of fatty acid unsaturation), malformation of nuclear envelope, lower total lipid amount and formation of their peroxides, lower amount of phospholipids and changes in their composition. The results showed that potassium ions leakage, expressed in percentage of their amounts, and loss of plasma and ER membrane potential, expressed in percentage of their fluorescence intensity, together with the nuclear chromatin double staining with ethidium bromide and acridine orange, might be direct and universal methods for detecting specific plant PCD hallmarks and estimation of PCD intensity (percentage of dying and dead cells).

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Abbreviations

AO:

Acridine orange

Eb:

Evans blue

EB:

Ethidium bromide

CMA3 :

Chromomycin A3

CNGCs:

Cyclic nucleotide gated channels

DAPI:

4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

FAMEs:

Fatty acid methyl esters

HK4:

Histidine kinases receptor

MDA:

Malondialdehydehyde

PA:

Phosphatidic acid

PC:

Phosphatidylcholine

PCD:

Programmed cell death

PE:

Phosphatidylethanoloamine

PI:

Phosphatidylinositol

PG:

Phosphatidylglycerol

TBA:

2-Thiobarbituric acid

PS:

Phosphatidylserine

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Acknowledgements

We thank Ms. M. Fronczak for her help in preparing this manuscript in English and A. Byczkowska for her help in plasma and ER membrane staining. This work was partially supported by grant from the University of Łódź, No. 506/1141 and No. B1551000000988.02.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection The University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Łódź, Poland

    Andrzej Kaźmierczak & Magdalena Doniak

  2. Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionThe University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland

    Przemysław Bernat

Authors
  1. Andrzej Kaźmierczak
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  2. Magdalena Doniak
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  3. Przemysław Bernat
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Correspondence to Andrzej Kaźmierczak.

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Communicated by A. Dhingra.

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Kaźmierczak, A., Doniak, M. & Bernat, P. Membrane-related hallmarks of kinetin-induced PCD of root cortex cells. Plant Cell Rep 36, 343–353 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-016-2085-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-016-2085-9

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