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Aminated-diamond integrated poly(methyl methacrylate) fibers reinforced epoxy composites with enhanced structural, thermal, and mechanical properties

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Abstract

Diamines are used for the modification of surface of pristine monocrystalline diamond particles for better interfacial interaction. Chemically modified diamond particles are integrated into the fibers of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by using electrospinning method. The agglomeration of diamond particles is restricted by electrospinning technique and uniform distribution is achieved in PMMA under electric field. Comparative analysis is done of the effect of two different reagents used for modification of pristine diamond particles and on thermal and structural characteristics of PMMA fibers. The diameters of fibers and morphology of diamond loaded PMMA fibers are assessed by applied voltage, diamond content polymer concentration and flow rate. The effect of different modified diamond structures on the functioning of PMMA electrospun fibers in the epoxy-resin was studied by employing flexural experiments on samples created by classical procedure. The loading of pure PMMA electrospun fibers into the epoxy-resin indicated growth in flexural strength and modulus by 17.7% and 10.9%, respectively. Conversely, the loading of hydrazine functionalized diamond particles into PMMA fibers increased the flexural strength and modulus by 20.7% and 17.41%, respectively. On the other hand, by the reinforcing of ethylenediamine functionalized diamond particles into PMMA fibers enhanced flexural strength and modulus by 18.7% and 16.42%, respectively. This increase in mechanical characteristics is ascribed to the consistent dissemination and efficient interface between PMMA matrix and modified diamond particles and which transmit load effectively to the reinforcement in epoxy matrix.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK-2216). The authors are also grateful for the facilities provided by Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Takatu Campus, Quetta, 87300, Pakistan

    Mohib Ullah & Hamida Panezai

  2. Polymer Laboratory, National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan

    Luqman Ali Shah

  3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22620, KPK, Pakistan

    Abdul Haleem

  4. Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KP, Pakistan

    Dilfaraz Khan

  5. Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Swat, Main Campus Charbagh, Swat, 19130, KP, Pakistan

    Ihsan Ullah

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  1. Mohib Ullah
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  2. Luqman Ali Shah
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  3. Abdul Haleem
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Correspondence to Mohib Ullah.

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Appendix: List of abbreviations

Appendix: List of abbreviations

S. No.

Abbreviation

Complete name

1

PMMA

Poly(methyl methacrylate)

2

HNTs

Halloysite-nanotubes

3

PLLA

Poly-(lactic acid)

4

PVA

Polyvinyl alcohol

5

PA11

Polyamide 11

6

PAN

Polyacrylonitrile

7

PMD

Pristine monocrystalline diamond

6

HZ

Hydrazine

7

EDA

Ethylenediamine

8

HZ-MD

HZ functionalized monocrystalline diamonds

9

EDA-MD

EDA functionalized monocrystalline diamonds

10

DMAc

N,N-Dimethylacetamide

11

DMF

N,N-Dimethyl formamide

12

THF

Tetrahydrofuran

13

TGA

Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer

14

FE-SEM

Field Emission- Scanning Electron Microscopy

15

UTM

Universal Testing Machine

16

XRD

X-Ray diffraction

17

FT-IR

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

18

DLS

Dynamic Light Scattering

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Ullah, M., Shah, L.A., Haleem, A. et al. Aminated-diamond integrated poly(methyl methacrylate) fibers reinforced epoxy composites with enhanced structural, thermal, and mechanical properties. Polym. Bull. 80, 5705–5723 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-022-04349-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-022-04349-1

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