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Multi-component elastomeric composites based on castor oil/AgI/KI for cloud seeding: processing and modeling of reagent efficiency

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Abstract

This study involves the development of sustainable technology/methodology for the production, characterization and numerical calculation of highly effective multi-component anti-hail seeding reagents (seeding composites) based on silver iodide and iodide of an alkali metal, homogenized in synthetic or bio polyurethane binder. Polyurethane-based seeding composites are produced via casting method and the results of uniaxial tensile tests, hardness and dynamic-mechanical analysis show that applied technique is more suitable compared to the conventional dry homogenization of the seeding active agents. Lower viscosity, uniform powdered seeding agents distribution and improved mechanical properties, e.g. higher tensile strength (5.05 MPa) and Shore A hardness (89 ShA) are achieved using castor oil as bio-polymer binder, compared to the synthetic polymer hydroxyl terminated poly(butadiene). In addition, significantly higher glass transition temperature obtained for seeding composite with castor oil as polymer binder indicating higher density and branched polymer network. Numerical models of the convective clouds are used to determine composition and mass of seeding agent which gives the best results concerning hail suppression or rain intensification. Results show that composite seeding reagents which contain silver iodide and potassium iodide in a molar ratio of 1:2 upon combustion generate freezing nuclei which are active above 0 °C, providing the most effective cloud seeding with 10.53% hail accumulations suppression.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia for the financial support provided, as part of the projects: Contract No. 451-03-68/2022-14/200325 and 176013.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ministry of Defense, Military Technical Institute, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

    Saša Brzić, Jelena Gržetić, Marica Bogosavljević, Slavko Mijatov & Tihomir Kovačević

  2. Military Academy, University of Defense in Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia

    Jovica Bogdanov

  3. Faculty of Physics, Institute of Meteorology, University of Belgrade, Dobračina 16, Belgrade, 11000, Republic of Serbia

    Nemanja Kovačević

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  1. Saša Brzić
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Correspondence to Jelena Gržetić.

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The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Brzić, S., Kovačević, N., Gržetić, J. et al. Multi-component elastomeric composites based on castor oil/AgI/KI for cloud seeding: processing and modeling of reagent efficiency. Polym. Bull. 80, 4535–4553 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-022-04278-z

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