Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Optimization of physicochemical and dielectric features in the conductive copolymers of aniline and 2-aminophenol

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Polymer Bulletin Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The current exploration emphasizes improving the solubility and thermal characteristics of the homopolymers–polyaniline and poly-2-aminophenol via copolymerization technique with simultaneous optimization of conductivity and dielectric behavior. Poly (aniline-co-2-aminophenol) copolymers with varying monomers compositions have been synthesized using chemical oxidative copolymerization technique. The copolymers showed considerable improvement of solubility in organic solvent compared to the unsubstituted polyaniline. Morphology of these copolymers was characterized by powdered-XRD and FESEM measurements. The studies revealed improved crystallinity in the copolymers compared to poly-2-aminophenol homopolymer. All the copolymers possess porous network with different degrees of aggregated nanoparticles blended with nanoflake structures. The copolymers also exhibited appreciable thermal stability over the homopolymers inferred from DSC measurements. The variation of frequency-dependent conductivity and dielectric permittivity of these different copolymers were further investigated and correlated with grain size distribution and varying proportions of oligoaniline segments in the polymer backbone of poly-2-aminophenol.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Sherman BC, Euler WB, Force RR (1994) The modern student laboratory: polyaniline-A conducting polymer: electrochemical synthesis and electrochromic properties. J Chem Educ 71:A94

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Huang WS, Humphrey BD, MacDiarmid AG (1986) Polyaniline, a novel conducting polymer: morphology and chemistry of its oxidation and reduction in aqueous electrolytes. J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 1 82:2385–2400

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Macdiarmid AG, Chiang JC, Richter AF, Epstein AJ (1987) Polyaniline: a new concept in conducting polymers. Synth Met 18:285–290

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Tang H, Kumar P, Zhang S, Yi Z, Crescenzo GD, Santato C, Soavi F, Cicoira F (2015) Conducting polymer transistors making use of activated carbon gate electrodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7:969–973

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Zou Y, Sun LX, Xu F (2007) Biosensor based on polyaniline–Prussian blue/multi-walled carbon nanotubes hybrid composites. Biosens Bioelectron 22:2669–2674

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Kuo CT, Chiou W (1997) Field-effect transistor with polyaniline thin film as semiconductor. Synth Met 88:23–30

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Ye S, Guihua Y (2016) Designing hierarchically nanostructured conductive polymer gels for electrochemical energy storage and conversion. Chem Mater 28:2466–2477

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Green RA, Lovell NH, Wallace GG, Poole-Warren LA (2008) Conducting polymers for neural interfaces: challenges in developing an effective long-term implant. Biomaterials 29:3393–3399

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Saini P, Arora M (2012) Microwave absorption and EMI shielding behavior of nanocomposites based on intrinsically conducting polymers. Graphene Carbon Nanotub. https://doi.org/10.5772/48779

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Tan Shuxin, Zhai Jin, Xue Bofei, Wan Meixiang, Meng Qingbo, Li Yuliang, Jiang Lei, Zhu Daoben (2004) Property influence of polyanilines on photovoltaic behaviors of dye-sensitized solar cells. Langmuir 20(7):2934–2937

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Boeva Z, Sergeyev V (2014) Polyaniline: synthesis, properties, and application. Polym Sci Ser C. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1811238214010032

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Huang W-S, Humphrey BD, MacDiarmid AG (1986) Polyaniline, a novel conducting polymer: morphology and chemistry of its oxidation and reduction in aqueous electrolytes. J Chem Soc, Faraday Trans 1(82):2385–2400

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Molapo KM, Ndangili PM, Ajayi RF, Mbambisa G, Mailu SM, Njomo N, Masikini M, Baker P, Iwuoha EI (2012) Electronics of conjugated polymers (I): polyaniline. Int J Electrochem Sci 7:11859–11875

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Jousseaume V, Morsli M, Bonnet A (2000) Aging of electrical conductivity in conducting polymer films based on polyaniline. J Appl Phys 88:960

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Murat A, Okan K (2014) Comparison of anticorrosion behavior of polyaniline and poly(3,4-methylenedioxyaniline) and their titanium dioxide nanocomposites. High Perform Polym 27(6):685–693

    Google Scholar 

  16. Jacob T, Joung EY, Joseph DT, Jeffrey S, Yueh-Lin L (2009) Polymer acid doped polyaniline is electrochemically stable beyond pH 9. Chem Mater 21(2):280–286

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Mikhael MG, Padias AB, Hall HK (1997) N-alkylation and N-acylation of polyaniline and its effect on solubility and electrical conductivity. J Polym Sci A 35:1673

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Moon GH, Sung WB, Seung S (2002) Thermal stability study of conductive polyaniline/polyimide blend films on their conductivity and ESR measurement. Polym Adv Technol 13:320–328

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Waware US, Hamouda AMS, Hameed AS, Summers GJ (2017) Tuning the electrical properties of polyaniline by copolymerization with o-bromoaniline. Funct Mater Lett 10(4):1750039

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Zhang Y, Qin L, Li S, Jianping Z (2009) The electrocatalytic reduction and removal of arsenate by poly(aniline-co-o-aminophenol). J Electroanal Chem 636:47–52

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Xiu-Y H, Qing-Xin L, Maa Di, Zhong L, Yong K, Huai-Guo X (2015) One-step synthesis of MnO2 doped poly(aniline-co-o-aminophenol)and the capacitive behaviors of the conducting copolymer. Chin Chem Lett 26:1367–1370

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Waware US, Hamouda AMS, Hameed AS, Mohd R, Summers GJ (2017) The spectral and morphological studies of the conductive polyaniline thin film derivatives by the in situ copolymerization. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 28:15178–15183

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Ozkan SZ, Eremeev GP, Karpacheva TN Prudskova, Veselova EV, Bondarenko GN, Shandryuk GA (2013) Polymers of diphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid: synthesis, structure, and properties. Polym Sci Ser B 55:107

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Shaolin Mu (2004) Electrochemical copolymerization of aniline and o-aminophenol. Synth Met 143:259–268

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Anwar-ul-Haq Ali Shah, Holze Rudolf (2006) Spectroelectrochemistry of aniline-o-aminophenol copolymers. Electrochim Acta 52:1374–1382

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Yiting Xu, Dai Lizong, Chen Jiangfeng, Gal Jean-Yves, Huihuang Wu (2007) Synthesis and characterization of aniline and aniline-o-sulfonic acid copolymers. Eur Polym J 43:2072–2079

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Liu Meiling, Ye Min, Yang Qin, Zhang Youyu, Xie Qingji, Yao Shouzhuo (2006) New method for characterizing the growth and properties of polyaniline and poly(aniline-co-o-aminophenol) films with the combination of EQCM and in situ FTIR spectroelectrochemistry. Electrochim Acta 52:342–352

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Tzou K, Gregory RV (1993) A method to prepare soluble polyaniline salt solutions—in situ doping of PANI base with organic dopants in polar solvents. Synth Met 53(3):365–377

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Ameen S, Ali V, Zulfequar M, Haq MM, Husain M (2007) Electrical conductivity and dielectric properties of sulfamic acid doped polyaniline. Curr Appl Phys 7(2):215–219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Inzelt G (2018) Conducting polymers: past, present, future. J Electrochem Sci Eng 8(1):3–37

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Das TK, Prusty S (2012) Review on conducting polymers and their applications. Polym-Plast Technol Eng 51(14):1487–1500

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Saafan SA, El-Nimr MK, El-Ghazzawy EH (2006) Study of dielectric properties of polypyrrole prepared using two different oxidizing agents. J Appl Polym Sci 99(6):3370–3379

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Chao D, Jia X, Liu H, He L, Cui L, Wang C, Berda EB (2011) Novel electroactive poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymers containing pendant oligoaniline groups: synthesis and properties. J Polym Sci, Part A: Polym Chem 49:1605–1614

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Singh R, Arora V, Tandon RP, Mansingh A, Chandra S (1999) Dielectric spectroscopy of doped polyaniline. Synth Met 104(2):137–144

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. MacDiarmid AG, Epstein AJ (1994) The concept of secondary doping as applied to polyaniline. Synth Met 65:103–116

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Islam S, Lakshmi GBVS, Siddiqui AM, Husain M, Zulfequar M (2013) Synthesis, electrical conductivity, and dielectric behavior of polyaniline/V2O5 composites. Int J Polym Sci. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/307525

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Mezdour D (2017) Dielectric properties of polyaniline composites. Spectrosc Lett 50(4):214–219

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. John H, Thomas RM, Mathew KT, Joseph R (2004) Studies on the dielectric properties of poly(o-toluidine) and poly(o-toluidine-aniline) copolymer. J Appl Polym Sci 92:592–598

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Kumar D (2000) Synthesis and characterization of poly(aniline-co-o-toluidine) copolymer. Synth Met 114(3):369–372

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Yang Y, Mu S (2008) Synthesis and high electrochemical activity of poly(aniline-co-2-amino-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid). Electrochim Acta 54(2):506–512

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Zhang J, Shan D, Mu S (2007) Chemical synthesis and electric properties of the conducting copolymer of aniline and o-aminophenol. J Polym Sci, Part A: Polym Chem 45:5573–5582

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Hichem Z, Saad L, Yasmine M, Tarik HA (2015) Preparation and characterization of a new polyaniline salt with good conductivity and great solubility in dimethyl sulphoxide. J Serb Chem Soc 80(11):1435–1448

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Zhang J, Shan D, Mu S (2007) A promising copolymer of aniline and m-aminophenol: chemical preparation, novel electric properties and characterization. Polymer 48:1269–1275

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Gupta N, Kumar D, Tomar SK (2012) Thermal behaviour of chemically synthesized polyanilines/polystyrene sulphonic acid composites. Int J Mater Chem 2(2):79–85

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Kumar D, Chandra R (2001) Thermal properties of synthetic metals: polyanilines. Ind J Eng Mater Sci 8:209–214

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Pantery S, Stevens R, Bower CR (2005) The frequency dependent permittivity and AC conductivity of random electrical networks. Ferroelectrics 319:199–208

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Vellakkat M, Archana K, Raghu S, Sharanappa C, Hundekal D (2014) Dielectric constant and transport mechanism of percolated polyaniline nanoclay composites. Ind Eng Chem Res 53:16873–16882

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Saafan SA, El-Nimr MK, El-Ghazzawy EH (2006) Study of dielectric properties of polypyrrole prepared using two different oxidizing agents. J Appl Polym Sci 99:3370

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Chutia P, Kumar A (2014) Electrical, optical and dielectric properties of HCl doped polyaniline nanorods. Phys B 436:200–207

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Bekri-Abbes I, Srasra E (2015) Electrical and dielectric properties of polyaniline and polyaniline/montmorillonite nanocomposite prepared by solid reaction using spectroscopy impedance. J Nanomater 16(1):428

    Google Scholar 

  51. Brebels J, Manca J, Lutsen L, Vanderzande D, Maes W (2017) High dielectric constant conjugated materials for organic photovoltaics. J Mater Chem A 5:24037–24050

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Rouis A, Davenas J, Bonnamour I, Ouada HB (2015) Studies of morphological optical and electrical properties of the MEH-PPV/azo-calix[4]arene composite layers. Phys B 474:70–76

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Ahmed K, Kanwal F, Ramay SM, Mahmood A, Atiq S, Al-Zaghayer YS (2016) High dielectric constant study of TiO2-polypyrrole composites with low contents of filler prepared by in situ polymerization. Adv Condens Matter Phys 5:2. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4793434

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Rizvi TZ, Shakoor A (2009) Electrical conductivity and dielectric properties of polypyrrole/Na+–montmorillonite (PPy/Na+–MMT) clay nanocomposites. J Phys D Appl Phys 42:095415

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Madakbaş S, Çakmakçı E, Kahraman M, Esmer K (2013) Preparation, characterisation, and dielectric properties of polypyrrole-clay composites. Chem Pap 67(8):1048–1053

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

The authors are thankful to the Qatar University. Also, DM acknowledges Chandernagore College, Hooghly, WB, India, and Barasat Govt. College, Barasat, Kolkata, WB, India, for research supports.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P. O. Box-2713, Doha, Qatar

    Umesh Somaji Waware & A. M. S. Hamouda

  2. Department of Chemistry, Chandernagore College, Hooghly, West Bengal, 712136, India

    Dipanwita Majumdar

Authors
  1. Umesh Somaji Waware
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. M. S. Hamouda
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Dipanwita Majumdar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Umesh Somaji Waware or Dipanwita Majumdar.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Dipanwita Majumdar: Formerly at Department of Chemistry, Barasat Govt. College, Barasat, West Bengal, 700124 India.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Waware, U.S., Hamouda, A.M.S. & Majumdar, D. Optimization of physicochemical and dielectric features in the conductive copolymers of aniline and 2-aminophenol. Polym. Bull. 76, 5603–5617 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-018-2668-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-018-2668-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation