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Porostereum spadiceum-AGH786 Regulates the Growth and Metabolites Production in Triticum aestivum L. Under Salt Stress

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Abstract

The role of the most fungal endophytes in the host plant growth and production of metabolites under stress conditions is still unknown. Fungal endophytes occur in almost all plants to benefit the host plants exposed to biotic and abiotic stress. In the present work, we investigated salt (NaCl) stress alleviation capability of a fungal endophyte (Porostereum spadiceum-AGH786). The culture filtrate (CF: 1.5 mL.) of P. spadiceum-AGH786 contained IAA (158 µg/ml), SA (29.3 µg/ml), proline (114.6 µg/ml), phenols (167.4 µg/ml), lipids (71.4 µg/ml), sugar (133.2 µg/ml), flavonoids (105.04 µg/ml). Smaller amounts of organic acids, such as butyric acid (5.8 µg/ml), formic acid (2.34 µg/ml), succinic acid (2.02 µg/ml), and quinic acid (2.25 µg/ml) were also found in CF of P. spadiceum-AGH786. Similarly, the CF displayed antioxidant activity in 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-Azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays. Moreover, wheat plants colonized by P. spadiceum-AGH786 showed significantly (P = 0.05) higher polyphenol oxidases activity (2.2 mg/g DW) under normal conditions as compared to the NaCl-treated plants. We also observed that P. spadiceum-AGH786 improved biomass (0.30 g) of wheat plants subjected to 140 mM NaCl stress. The results conclude that the wheat plant colonization by P. spadiceum-AGH786 greatly improved the plant growth under 70 mM and 140 mM NaCl stress. Thus, the biomass of the P. Spadiceum-AGH786 can be used in saline soil to help the host plants.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during current study are available from the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Plant-Microbe Interactions Laboratory of the Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan for providing the endophytic fungus and lab facilities.

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The authors have no financial conflict of interest to declare.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Garden Campus, Mardan, Pakistan

    Syeda Leeda Gul, Muhammad Hamayun & Anwar Hussain

  2. Department of Horticulture and Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Republic of Korea

    Yong-Sun Moon & Sajid Ali

  3. Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan

    Sumera Afzal Khan

  4. Department of Food Science and Technology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Garden Campus, Mardan, Pakistan

    Amjad Iqbal

  5. Department of Microbiology, Federal Urdu University of Art Science & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan

    Maryam Shafique

  6. School of Applied Biosciences College of Agriculture and Life-Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea

    Muhammad Aaqil Khan & Yoon-Ha Kim

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  1. Syeda Leeda Gul
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Contributions

The study concept and design were performed by MH, AH, SA, SAK, MS; The experiments and data analysis were performed by SLG, AI, SA, and MAK; The manuscript drafting was performed by SA, YSM, and MH; AI and MH revised the draft manuscript; all authors approved the final draft of manuscript.

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Correspondence to Muhammad Hamayun or Sajid Ali.

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Supplementary Information

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284_2022_2853_MOESM1_ESM.tif

Supplementary file1 (TIF 80 kb) Supp. Figure 1: (A) Pure culture of P. spadiceum AGH786 (B) Siderophore production in solid medium by endophytic P. spadiceum AGH786.

284_2022_2853_MOESM2_ESM.tif

Supplementary file2 (TIF 6041 kb) Supp. Figure 2: Effect of P. spadiceum AGH786 on wheat growth under elevated NaCl stress

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Gul, S.L., Moon, YS., Hamayun, M. et al. Porostereum spadiceum-AGH786 Regulates the Growth and Metabolites Production in Triticum aestivum L. Under Salt Stress. Curr Microbiol 79, 159 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-022-02853-1

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