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Biocontrol Streptomyces Induces Resistance to Bacterial Wilt by Increasing Defense-Related Enzyme Activity in Solanum melongena L

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Abstract

Streptomyces strains were isolated from rhizosphere soil and evaluated for in vitro plant growth and antagonistic potential against Ralstonia solanacearum. Based on their in vitro screening, seven Streptomyces were evaluated for plant growth promotion (PGP) and biocontrol efficacy by in-planta and pot culture study. In the in-planta study, Streptomyces-treated eggplant seeds showed better germination percentage, plant growth, and disease occurrence against R. solanacearum than the control treatment. Hence, all seven Streptomyces cultures were developed as a bioformulation by farmyard manure and used for pot culture study. The highest plant growth, weight, and total chlorophyll content were observed in UP1A-1-treated eggplant followed by UP1A-4, UT4A-49, and UT6A-57. Similarly, the maximum biocontrol efficacy was observed in UP1A-1-treated eggplants against bacterial wilt. The biocontrol potential of Streptomyces is also confirmed through metabolic responses by assessing the activities of the defense-related enzymes peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and as well as the levels of total phenol. Treatment with UP1A-1/ UT4A-49 and challenge with R. solanacearum led to maximum changes in the activities of POX, PPO, and PAL and the levels of total phenol in the eggplants at different time intervals. Alterations in enzymes of UP1A-1 treatment were related to early defense responses in eggplant. Therefore, the treatment with UP1A-1 significantly delayed the establishment of bacterial wilt in eggplant. Altogether, the present study suggested that the treatment of Streptomyces maritimus UP1A-1 fortified farmyard manure has improved the plant growth and stronger disease control against R. solanacearum on eggplant.

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Acknowledgements

Authors acknowledge the Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (SIST), Chennai, Tamil Nadu for the research facilities provided.

Funding

The authors thank the Department of Biotechnology, India (BT/PR10814/AAQ/3/669/2014) and National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES-NCPOR/ R.No.NCPOR/2019/PACER-POP/BS-08 dated 05-07-2019), for their support in the form of research grant.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Dr.Col.Jeppiaar Research Park, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, 600 119, India

    Manigundan Kaari, Jerrine Joseph, Radhakrishnan Manikkam, Ayswarya Sreenivasan & Gopikrishnan Venugopal

  2. Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, 641 003, India

    Balamurugan Alexander

  3. Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500 030, Telangana, India

    Sakthivel Krishnan

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Contributions

MK carried out sample collection, lab experiments, data analysis, and writing first draft of the manuscript. JJ and RM gave design, supervision, and revision of the manuscript. AS and GV contributed in lab experiments and manuscript writing. BA contributed to work on particular pathogen R. solanacearum and to the experimentation. SK supervised the research work and revised the article. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jerrine Joseph.

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Kaari, M., Joseph, J., Manikkam, R. et al. Biocontrol Streptomyces Induces Resistance to Bacterial Wilt by Increasing Defense-Related Enzyme Activity in Solanum melongena L. Curr Microbiol 79, 146 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-022-02832-6

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