Zusammenfassung
Das Internet birgt durch seine mehr oder weniger spezifischen Eigenschaften, v. a. leichter Zugang, Anonymität, niedrige Kosten, weltweite Vernetzung und Interaktionsmöglichkeiten, sowohl Chancen als auch Risiken für die Entwicklung von Sexualität und sexuellen Beziehungen. Zu den kaum untersuchten Chancen des Internet zählen die Erleichterung sexueller und sozialer Kontakte, besonders für Menschen mit sozialen Schwierigkeiten, für sexuelle Minderheiten (z. B. Schwule, Lesben, Transgender, Sadomasochisten, Fetischisten), der Abbau von Vorurteilen und Stereotypen, eine bessere Abstimmung von Interessen bei der Partnerwahl sowie die zahlreichen, auch seriösen Informationen und Beratungsangebote zu sexuellen Themen. In der psychotherapeutischen Praxis ist man häufig mit den problematischen Auswirkungen von Internetpornografie und Cybersex konfrontiert, v. a. Vermeidung von „realen“ – sexuellen und nichtsexuellen – zwischenmenschlichen Kontakten, Belastung von Partnerschaften (z. B. durch „Cyberuntreue“), Verstärkung selbst- oder fremdschädigender Fantasien und Impulsen bis hin zu strafrechtlich relevantem Verhalten, wie dem Konsum und der Verbreitung von Kinderpornografie. In dieser Übersicht wird – auch anhand eines Fallbeispiels – die Rolle des Internet bei der Entwicklung einer sexsüchtigen Symptomatik, einschließlich der Behandlungsoptionen, erörtert. Nur mit einer differenzierten Darstellung von Chancen und Risiken kann einer in den letzten Jahren sich verstärkenden Dämonisierung und Pathologisierung der Nutzung des Internet für sexuelle Zwecke entgegengewirkt werden.
Abstract
The Internet shows several more or less specific characteristics, in particular accessibility, anonymity, affordability, worldwide connectivity and interactivity. These characteristics hold chances as well as risks for the development of sexuality and sexual relationships. Rarely stressed and investigated are the possible positive effects, such as easier sexual contacts especially for individuals with social deficits, for sexual minorities (e.g. gay, lesbian, transgender, sadomasochists or fetishists), reducing sexual prejudices and stereotypes, better partner matching and easy access to reliable information and counseling platforms about sexual issues. The psychotherapist more often encounters the problematic effects of Internet pornography and cybersex, such as avoiding real life (offline) sexual and non-sexual social contacts, the stress on relationships (e.g. through cyber infidelity), intensifying fantasies and impulses that are harmful to oneself or others up to criminal behavior (e.g. use and circulation of child pornography). Describing a case history this review discusses the role of the Internet in the development of sexual addictive or compulsive symptomatology, including treatment options. Only a differentiated analysis of the chances and risks can counterbalance the increasing tendencies to demonize and pathologize the use of the Internet for sexual purposes.
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Hill, A. Sexualität in Zeiten des Internet. Psychotherapeut 56, 475–484 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00278-011-0866-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00278-011-0866-8