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Response of Organic and Inorganic Carbon and Nitrogen to Long-Term Grazing of the Shortgrass Steppe

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Abstract

We investigated the influence of long-term (56 years) grazing on organic and inorganic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents of the plant–soil system (to 90 cm depth) in shortgrass steppe of northeastern Colorado. Grazing treatments included continuous season-long (May–October) grazing by yearling heifers at heavy (60–75% utilization) and light (20–35% utilization) stocking rates, and nongrazed exclosures. The heavy stocking rate resulted in a plant community that was dominated (75% of biomass production) by the C4 grass blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis), whereas excluding livestock grazing increased the production of C3 grasses and prickly pear cactus (Opuntia polycantha). Soil organic C (SOC) and organic N were not significantly different between the light grazing and nongrazed treatments, whereas the heavy grazing treatment was 7.5 Mg ha−1 higher in SOC than the nongrazed treatment. Lower ratios of net mineralized N to total organic N in both grazed compared to nongrazed treatments suggest that long-term grazing decreased the readily mineralizable fraction of soil organic matter. Heavy grazing affected soil inorganic C (SIC) more than the SOC. The heavy grazing treatment was 23.8 Mg ha−1 higher in total soil C (0–90 cm) than the nongrazed treatment, with 68% (16.3 Mg ha−1) attributable to higher SIC, and 32% (7.5 Mg ha−1) to higher SOC. These results emphasize the importance in semiarid and arid ecosystems of including inorganic C in assessments of the mass and distribution of plant–soil C and in evaluations of the impacts of grazing management on C sequestration.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Ernie Taylor, Matt Mortensen, Pam Freeman, and Lucretia Sherrod for their assistance in the collection and analyses of soil and plant samples.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Rangeland Resources Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 1701 Centre Avenue, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, USA

    Jean D. Reeder, Jack A. Morgan & Daniel R. LeCain

  2. USDA-ARS, High Plains Grasslands Research Station, 8408 Hildreth Road, Cheyenne, Wyoming 82009, USA

    Gerald E. Schuman

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  1. Jean D. Reeder
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Correspondence to Jean D. Reeder.

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Reeder, J., Schuman, G., Morgan, J. et al. Response of Organic and Inorganic Carbon and Nitrogen to Long-Term Grazing of the Shortgrass Steppe . Environmental Management 33, 485–495 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-9106-5

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