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The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Blepharoptosis in an Elderly Asian Population

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Abstract

Background

Age-related blepharoptosis, or ptosis, affects vision and appearance. Associations with age, gender, BMI, and diabetes have been explored, but the link to blood lipids remains unclear. The impact on refraction also lacks consensus. This study addresses gaps by investigating ptosis prevalence and factors in a representative Chinese population, aiming for a comprehensive understanding.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among individuals aged 50 and above who were willing to participate in comprehensive systemic check-ups, behavioral questionnaires, and ophthalmic examinations at Yaoxi Community Health Center in Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province.

Results

The prevalence of blepharoptosis among the elderly participants at this health center was 27.16%. Individuals with blepharoptosis tended to be older, male, exhibited slightly higher body mass index, wider waist circumference, engaged in lower exercise frequency, and had a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and with-the-rule astigmatism compared to their counterparts without these conditions. Adjusting for all other confounding variables, older age, being male, higher fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and lower exercise frequency displayed statistically significant relationships with blepharoptosis. After examining the distribution of blepharoptosis degrees within relevant factor subgroups, we noted a higher prevalence of severe ptosis in subgroups associated with older age, male gender, higher FPG, and against-the-rule astigmatism.

Conclusion

The notable associations with age, gender, FPG, and exercise level suggest a multifactorial etiology for blepharoptosis. The observed link between with-the-rule astigmatism and blepharoptosis implies a potential contributory role in the refractive aspect of blepharoptosis.

Level of Evidence IV

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their gratitude to all the participants who contributed to this manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020YFC2008200).

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Author notes

  1. Fan Lu and Yanyan Lin contributed equally to this work and should be acknowledged as co-corresponding authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan West Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China

    Shiqi Hu, Xi Chen, Gu Zheng, Yiming Zhao, Xin He, Xinting Liu, Fan Lu & Yanyan Lin

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  1. Shiqi Hu
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  2. Xi Chen
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Correspondence to Fan Lu or Yanyan Lin.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical Standards

All procedures performed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Ethical approval has been obtained by the Institutional Review Board at Wenzhou Medical University. Reference number 2022-032-K-24-01. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Hu, S., Chen, X., Zheng, G. et al. The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Blepharoptosis in an Elderly Asian Population. Aesth Plast Surg 48, 1298–1305 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-023-03804-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-023-03804-2

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