Abstract
The inverted nipple may be congenital or caused by repeated inflammation and breast surgery. The reported prevalence of congenital inverted nipple ranges from 1.77% [1] to 3.26%, and most of them are bilateral and umbilicated [2]. The inversion has been linked to many aesthetic, functional, and psychological problems. Many methods have been proposed to correct this deformity since the first surgical correction by Kehrer in 1879. I propose a new method with three periductal dermofibrous flaps to add bulk to the nipple base and to form a hammock to prevent recurrence. The design also shortens the circumference of the root of the nipple without compromise of the neurovascular supply. We have corrected 46 nipples of 25 patients with this method successfully since 1996. This method can be applied to all types of inverted nipple without significant complications.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
RC Schwager JW Smith GF Gray Jr D Goulian (1974) ArticleTitleInversion of the human female nipple, with a simple method of treatment. Plast Reconstr Surg 54 164
HS Park CH Yoon HJ Kim (1999) ArticleTitleThe prevalence of congenital inverted nipple. Aesth Plast Surg 23 144 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1M3ksVGltQ%3D%3D
S Pompei M Tedesco (1999) ArticleTitleA new surgical technique for the correction of the inverted nipple. Aesth Plast Surg 23 371 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s002669900302 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c%2FgvFWjsQ%3D%3D
Y Yamamoto T Sugihara (1997) ArticleTitleCorrection of inverted nipple with modified star flap technique. Aesth Plast Surg 21 193 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s002669900109 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:ByiA2cfhtFA%3D
Y Megumi (1991) ArticleTitleCorrection of inverted nipple with periductal fibrous flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg 88 342
NI Elsahy (1976) ArticleTitleAn alternative operation for inverted nipple. Plast Reconstr Surg 57 438
B Haeseker (1984) ArticleTitleThe application of de-epithelialised “turn-over” flaps to the treatment of inverted nipples. Br J Plast Surg 37 253 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:BiuC2sbnt1I%3D Occurrence Handle6713165
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Huang, WC. A New Method for Correction of Inverted Nipple with Three Periductal Dermofibrous Flaps . Aesth. Plast. Surg. 27, 301–304 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-003-3047-5
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-003-3047-5