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Quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasound of renal perfusion: a technology for the assessment of early diabetic nephropathy in cynomolgus macaques with type 2 diabetes mellitus

  • Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder, Retroperitoneum
  • Published:
Abdominal Radiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in predicting early nephropathy in cynomolgus macaques with spontaneous type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

Six cynomolgus macaques with spontaneous T2DM and six normal cynomolgus macaques (Group 1) were included in this study. The time–intensity curve was used to obtain parameters such as peak values, red blood volume (RBV), red blood flow (RBF), time to peak (TTP), and mean transit time (MTT). Biopsy renal tissue samples were assessed histopathologically. Six cynomolgus macaques with spontaneous T2DM were subgrouped into T2DM without nephropathy group (Group 2) and T2DM with nephropathy group (Group 3) based on histopathological findings.

Results

Peak value had the largest area under the curve comparing with RBF, RBV, TTP, MTT. The sensitivity and specificity of peak value with cut-off value of 38.65 dB for the diagnosis of DN were 98.3% and 83%, respectively. Peak value, RBV, and RBF in Group 3 was significantly decreased compared with Group 1 and Group 2 (P = 0.000, x2 = 23.99; P = 0.003, x2 = 9.14; P = 0.02, x2 = 5.14).

Conclusions

The perfusion parameter of peak value in CEUS might be useful in predicting early diabetic nephropathy in spontaneous T2DM cynomolgus macaques.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

Dr. Pintong Huang is the guarantor of this work and, as such, had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.

Funding

This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 81420108018, 81527803) of China.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China

    Jieli Luo, Jianshe Chen, Yang Sun, Hang Zhou & Pintong Huang

  2. Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 310009, China

    Kailun Xu & Fengbo Huang

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  1. Jieli Luo
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Contributions

PH designed this study. JL, JC, YS, KX, and FH acquired the data. JL, JC, and YS interpreted the data. JL wrote the main manuscript text. HZ edited the manuscript. All authors reviewed the manuscript. All authors have approved of the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Pintong Huang.

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Luo, J., Chen, J., Sun, Y. et al. Quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasound of renal perfusion: a technology for the assessment of early diabetic nephropathy in cynomolgus macaques with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Abdom Radiol 44, 1850–1857 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-019-01908-5

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