Abstract
A football stadium with a capacity of a hundred thousand spectators is under construction over a karst terrain, 10 km west of the old town of Istanbul, Turkey. A large cavity of approximately 30 m3 was detected beneath the sports field through a number of boreholes so that a geophysical survey was required to further investigate a portion of the sports field. We utilized seismic refraction tomography and dc-electrical method with rotated Wenner array to delineate zones with solution voids and cavities. Total core recovery (TCR) was 5–15% from boreholes where zones with low velocities were identified through tomographic inversion, whereas TCR values were above 60% in zones with higher velocities. Both low velocity zones in the tomographic images and increasing resistivity anisotropy with depth appear to indicate that the cavity extends toward the west and south at a depth of approximately 8 m, although the southward and westward extension changes in character.
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Acknowledgments
This project was carried out for the main contractor Istanbul Stadium Builders J.V. The complete geotechnical work was carried out by Zemin Teknolojisi A.Ş. (ZETAŞ) under the directorate of Turan Durgunoğlu who has requested the implementation of this project. We would like to thank Kadem Ekşi for providing the resources of EMA Geophysics for the measurements. As time was scarce because the entire construction operations were to be ceased for the geophysical measurements, Mehmet Abidin, Mehmet Baş, Mehmet Kocaman, Mehmet Güler, Nevzat Mengüllüoğlu, Selçuk Karaman, Burak A. Tunalı, and Şakir Şahin, all from EMA Geophysics, worked diligently for a day and a night to ensure the top quality seismic and resistivity data. We also would like to thank to the site engineers of ZETAŞ, especially Serdar Elgun, for carefully supervising the drillings and for providing us with reliable borehole data, and Gülçin Tezel for her field assistance. The principle author is a consulting geophysicist for EMA Geophysics through an agreement 01-03-001 with ITU.
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Karaman, A., Karadayılar, T. Identification of karst features using seismic P-wave tomography and resistivity anisotropy measurements. Env Geol 45, 957–962 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-003-0953-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-003-0953-4