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Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Yellow Brown Soil as Affected by Incorporation of Crop Residues With Different Carbon-to-Nitrogen Ratios: A Case Study in Central China

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Abstract

To investigate the influence of crop residues decomposition on nitrous oxide (N2O) emission, a field study was performed with application of crop residues with different C:N ratios in a bare yellow brown soil at the experimental station of Zhangjiachong at Zigui, China. We set up six experimental treatments: no crop residue (CK), rapeseed cake (RC), potato stalk (PS), rice straw (RS), wheat straw (WS), and corn straw (CS). The carbon (C) to nitrogen (N) ratios of these crop residues were 7.5, 32.9, 40.4, 65.7, and 90.9, respectively. Nitrous oxide fluxes were measured using a static closed chamber method. N2O emissions were significantly enhanced by incorporation of crop residues. Cumulative N2O emissions negatively correlated with C:N ratio (R 2 = 0.9821) of the crop residue, but they were positively correlated with average concentrations of dissolved organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon. Nitrogen emission fraction, calculated as N2O–N emissions originated from the crop residues N, positively correlated with C:N ratio of the residues (P < 0.05). Soil temperature did, whereas soil moisture did not, control the residue’s induced N2O emissions because a significant correlation (P < 0.01) existed between soil temperature and N2O emissions in all treatments except the control. In contrast, a significant relationship between soil moisture and N2O emissions was found in the control only. Furthermore, N2O emission significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with NO3 ––N, and NH4 +–N contents from all residue treatments. These results indicate that (1) crop residues with distinct carbon and nitrogen contents can significantly alter soil N2O flux rates; and (2) soil biotic as well as abiotic variables are critical in determining soil–atmospheric N2O emissions after crop residue incorporation into soil.

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Acknowledgments

This research was jointly supported by National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China (Grant No. 2012CB417106) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41171212 and 41201255). The authors are grateful to the president and staff members of the experimental station of the experimental station of Zigui County, Three Gorges Reservoir Area, located in Hubei province, Central China, for their assistance in field data collection.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China

    Shan Lin, Ronggui Hu, Muhammad Shaaban, Jianbo Cai & Xi Chen

  2. Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA

    Javed Iqbal

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  1. Shan Lin
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  2. Javed Iqbal
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  3. Ronggui Hu
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  5. Jianbo Cai
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  6. Xi Chen
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Correspondence to Ronggui Hu.

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Lin, S., Iqbal, J., Hu, R. et al. Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Yellow Brown Soil as Affected by Incorporation of Crop Residues With Different Carbon-to-Nitrogen Ratios: A Case Study in Central China. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 65, 183–192 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-013-9903-7

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