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Heat transfer characteristics of plate heat exchanger using hybrid nanofluids: effect of nanoparticle mixture ratio

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Abstract

Energetic and exergetic analyses of the plate heat exchanger are experimentally performed using Al2O3–TiO2 hybrid nanofluid as a coolant for sub-ambient temperature application to study the effect of nanoparticle volume ratio at various nanofluid flow rates ranging 2.0–4.0 lpm and inlet temperatures ranging 10–25 °C. The Al2O3–TiO2 hybrid nanofluids of 0.1% total volume concentration with different Al2O3–TiO2 ratios (5:0, 4:1, 3:2, 2:3, 1:4 and 0:5) are used as a coolant. Effects of nanoparticle mixture ratio, flow rate and inlet temperature on the heat transfer rate, heat transfer coefficient, pump work, performance index, and second law efficiency are investigated. Correlations are proposed to predict the Nusselt number for DI water as well as hybrid nanofluid. A maximum enhancement of around 16.91% and 4.5% are observed for convective heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer rate with Al2O3 (5:0) hybrid nanofluid along with 0.013% enhancement (insignificant) in the pump work for TiO2 (0:5) hybrid nanofluid. The maximum reduction in exergetic efficiency of 4.01% is observed for TiO2 (0:5) hybrid nanofluid. The study shows that the energetic and exergetic performances decrease continuously with the increase of the TiO2 ratio in the mixture, yielding no optimum nanoparticle mixture ratio.

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Abbreviations

A:

Effective area of heat transfer, m2.

cp :

Specific heat, J/kg. K.

D:

Diameter, m.

Dh :

Hydraulic diameter, m.

E:

Exergy rate, W.

G:

Mass velocity, kg/s.m2.

k:

Thermal conductivity, W/m.K.

m:

Mass, kg.

ṁ:

Mass flow rate, kg/s.

Nu:

Nusselt number.

P:

Pump work, W.

p:

Pressure, Pa.

Pr:

Prandtl number.

Q:

Heat transfer rate, W.

Re:

Reynolds number.

t:

Thickness of the plate, mm.

T:

Temperature, °C.

U:

Overall heat transfer coefficient, W/m2K.

V:

Volume, m3.

w:

Weight, N.

X:

Uncertainty, %.

AA:

Acetic acid

Al2O3 :

Alumina nanoparticle

CTAB:

Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide

CuO:

Copper oxide nanoparticle

DI:

De-ionized water

IEP:

Iso-electric point

MWCNT:

Multiwalled carbon nanotube

OA:

Oleic acid

PHE:

Plate heat exchanger

PI:

Performance index

SEM:

Scanning Electron Microscopy

SDS:

Sodium dodecyl sulfate

SiO2 :

Silica nanoparticle

TiO2 :

Titania nanoparticle

v%:

Percentage volume concentration

wt.%:

Percentage weight concentration

x:

Uncertainty

α:

Heat transfer coefficient, W/m2K

∆p:

Pressure drop, Pa

μ:

Dynamic viscosity, Pa.s

ρ:

Density, kg/m3

Φ:

Volume concentration

η:

Efficiency, %

1:

First

2:

Second

II:

Second law

av:

Average

c:

cold

e:

Ambient

h:

Hot

i:

Inlet

nf:

Nanofluid

np:

Nanoparticle

o:

Outlet

w:

Wall

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (B.H.U.), Varanasi, UP, 221005, India

    Atul Bhattad, Jahar Sarkar & Pradyumna Ghosh

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  1. Atul Bhattad
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  2. Jahar Sarkar
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  3. Pradyumna Ghosh
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Correspondence to Jahar Sarkar.

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Bhattad, A., Sarkar, J. & Ghosh, P. Heat transfer characteristics of plate heat exchanger using hybrid nanofluids: effect of nanoparticle mixture ratio. Heat Mass Transfer 56, 2457–2472 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-020-02877-y

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