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Numerical analysis of the forced convective heat transfer on Al2O3–Cu/water hybrid nanofluid

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Abstract

A numerical investigation to elucidate thermal behavior of hybrid nanofluids consisting of Al2O3 and Cu nanoparticles at ratio of 90:10 was conducted. Numerical domain of a two-dimensional axisymmetric copper tube with a length of 1000 and 10 mm in diameter is used. A uniform axial velocity is assigned at the velocity inlet based on the Reynolds number. The outer wall of the tube consists of non-slip wall condition with a constant heat flux. The assumptions of this numerical analysis are; (1) there is a steady state analysis, (2) effective thermo-physical properties of the nanofluid are depend on the volume concentration, and (3) fluid is continuum. It is found that the dominant nanoparticle in the hybrid nanofluids strongly influences the thermal behavior of the hybrid nanofluids. It was also found that the heat transfer coefficient increases as the volume concentration of the hybrid nanoparticle increases in base fluids and the Reynolds number.

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Abbreviations

\(\overset{\lower0.5em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\rightharpoonup}$}} {a}\) :

Particle’s acceleration

c k :

Mass fraction for any phase

c p :

Specific heat (J/kg K)

D :

Tube diameter (m)

D p :

Particle diameter (nm)

F :

Body force (N)

f :

Friction factor

g :

Gravitational acceleration (m/s2)

h :

Convective heat transfer (W/m2 K)

h k :

Sensible enthalphy (kJ/kg)

k :

Thermal conductivity (W/mK)

L :

Tube length (m)

Re:

Reynolds number

p :

Pressure (Pa)

q :

Heat flux (W/m2)

T :

Temperature (K)

v :

Velocity (m/s)

v dr :

Drift velocity (m/s)

\(\delta\) :

Boundary layer thickness (m)

\(\phi\) :

Volume fraction

\(\mu\) :

Dynamics viscosity (kg/ms)

\(\rho\) :

Density (kg/m3)

\(\tau\) :

Shear stress (Pa)

\(\tau_{p}\) :

Particle relaxation time (sm−1)

\(\gamma\) :

Shear rate (s−1)

\(\eta\) :

Kinematic viscosity (m2/s)

Bf :

Base fluid

eff :

Effective

f :

Base fluid

m :

Mixture

nf :

Nanofluid

p :

Particle

q :

Liquid

vol%:

Volume percentage

k :

The kth phase

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank the academic staff and assistant engineers of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia for their support in conducting this investigation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Mohd Rosdzimin Abdul Rahman, Kin Yuen Leong, Azam Che Idris & Mohd Rashdan Saad

  2. Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, Sarawak Campus, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia

    Mahmood Anwar

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  1. Mohd Rosdzimin Abdul Rahman
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  2. Kin Yuen Leong
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  3. Azam Che Idris
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  4. Mohd Rashdan Saad
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Correspondence to Mohd Rosdzimin Abdul Rahman.

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Rahman, M.R.A., Leong, K.Y., Idris, A.C. et al. Numerical analysis of the forced convective heat transfer on Al2O3–Cu/water hybrid nanofluid. Heat Mass Transfer 53, 1835–1842 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-016-1941-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-016-1941-z

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