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Bryde’s whales in South Brazil Bight: evidence of low genetic diversity and seasonal habitat use

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Abstract

Bryde’s whale (Balaenoptera brydei) is the only non-migratory (resident) baleen whale in Brazil, remaining year-round in the subtropical seas, but are among the least known whales. By combining genetics and spatial analysis, we aim to characterize the genetic diversity and determine the spatiotemporal distribution and habitat-use patterns for the Bryde’s whale population in the South Brazil Bight, in the Santos Basin (23°S to 28°S/40°W to 49°W). During surveys (n = 16) between 2015 and 2018, we recorded 82 Bryde’s whale groups and collected biopsy samples from 13 individuals. Based on our samples, the population of Bryde’s whales presented low genetic diversity. Its distribution varied seasonally, with records occurring mainly in the north of the study area, near Cabo Frio, during warm seasons and in southern waters during cold seasons. The oceanographic dynamics, characterized by diverse frontal systems that enhance productivity on the shelf, likely drive the distribution of the whales, and the seasonal shifts between core areas seem to reflect changes in productivity and prey availability. Our results bring unprecedented information to understand the ecology of Bryde’s whales on the Brazilian coast, and how their distribution and habitats are critically linked with the South Brazil Bight marine environment and its dynamics.

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Data availability

Data used in this paper are made freely and publicly available via the online PMC Data System (SisPMC; https://sispmcprd.petrobras.com.br/sispmc) and are presented in the supplementary material. Additional data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Petróleo Brasileiro S. A. (PETROBRAS) for kindly authorizing the use of data collected during the Projeto de Monitoramento de Cetáceos na Bacia de Santos (PMC-BS). = L.D. was awarded a scholarship from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) via Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Estado de Santa Catarina (FAPESC, Chamada Pública FAPESC N° 03/2017). F.G.D-J. received research funding from Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (308867/2019-0). This research was part of the master’s dissertation written by L.D. under the guidance of F.G.D.J and L.W.

Funding

L.D. was awarded a scholarship from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) via Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Estado de Santa Catarina (FAPESC, Chamada Pública FAPESC N° 03/2017). F.G.D-J. received research funding from Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (308867/2019-0).

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  1. Leonardo Wedekin and Fabio Daura-Jorge have co-senior authorship.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-970, Brazil

    Larissa Dalpaz & Fabio Daura-Jorge

  2. Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Florianópolis, 88040-970, Brazil

    Larissa Dalpaz & Fabio Daura-Jorge

  3. Socioambiental Consultores Associados, Florianópolis, 88015-200, Brazil

    Ana Lúcia Cypriano-Souza & Leonardo Wedekin

  4. Projeto Baleias e Golfinhos do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto Mar Adentro, Rio de Janeiro, 22031-071, Brazil

    Liliane Lodi

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All authors contributed in different ways and stages of the work: designing the study (LD, ALCS, LW, FDJ), collecting the data (LD, ALCS, LW, LL), analysing the results (LD, ALCS, LW, FDJ), interpreting and discussing results (all authors), writing the paper (LD) and supervising the project (FDJ, LW).

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Correspondence to Larissa Dalpaz.

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Dalpaz, L., Cypriano-Souza, A.L., Lodi, L. et al. Bryde’s whales in South Brazil Bight: evidence of low genetic diversity and seasonal habitat use. Mar Biol 170, 94 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-023-04241-0

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