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Combined effects of short-term ocean acidification and heat shock in a benthic copepod Tigriopus japonicus Mori

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Abstract

Warming of the world’s oceans is predicted to have many negative effects on organisms as they have optimal thermal windows. In coastal waters, however, both temperatures and pCO2 (pH) exhibit diel variations, and biological performances are likely to be modulated by physical and chemical environmental changes. To understand how coastal zooplankton respond to the combined impacts of heat shock and increased pCO2, the benthic copepod Tigriopus japonicus were treated at temperatures of 24, 28, 32 and 36 °C to simulate natural coastal temperatures experienced in warming events, when acclimated in the short term to either ambient (LC, 390 μatm) or future CO2 (HC, 1000 μatm). HC and heat shock did not induce any mortality of T. japonicus, though respiration increased up to 32 °C before being depressed at 36 °C. Feeding rate peaked at 28 °C but did not differ between CO2 treatments. Expression of heat shock proteins (hsps mRNA) was positively related to temperature, with no significant differences between the CO2 concentrations. Nauplii production was not affected across all treatments. Our results demonstrate that T. japonicus responds more sensitively to heat shocks rather than to seawater acidification; however, ocean acidification may synergistically act with ocean warming to mediate the energy allocation of copepods.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation (Nos. 41430967; 41120164007), Joint project of NSFC and Shandong province (Grant No. U1406403), Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS (Grant No. XDA11020302), SOA (GASI-03-01-02-04) and China–Japan collaboration project from MOST (S2012GR0290). YWD is funded by Program for New Century Excellent Talents of Ministry of Education, China. BDR is funded by an Australian Research Council Discovery Grant. WL and BDR are funded by MEL Visiting Fellowship of State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University. We would like to thank Dr. Guizhong Wang (Xiamen University, China) for providing Tigriopus japonicus; we also thank Yahe Li and Nana Liu (Xiamen University, China) for their kind assistance during the experiments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China

    Wei Li, Guodong Han, Yunwei Dong & Kunshan Gao

  2. College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Huangshan University, Huangshan, 245041, China

    Wei Li

  3. Institute for East China Sea Research, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 851-2213, Japan

    Atsushi Ishimatsu

  4. Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China

    Bayden D. Russell

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  1. Wei Li
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  2. Guodong Han
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  3. Yunwei Dong
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  4. Atsushi Ishimatsu
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  5. Bayden D. Russell
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  6. Kunshan Gao
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Correspondence to Kunshan Gao.

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This study used copepod as material. All procedures performed in studies involving copepod were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institution or practice at which the studies were conducted.

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Li, W., Han, G., Dong, Y. et al. Combined effects of short-term ocean acidification and heat shock in a benthic copepod Tigriopus japonicus Mori. Mar Biol 162, 1901–1912 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-015-2722-9

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