Abstract
The capacity to detect changes in modal properties caused by structural response from those resulting from noises (environment, test conditions, etc.) is a major issue in vibration analysis. For timber-based structures monitoring, high uncertainty ratios in the measurements may prevent efficient modal parameter identification. Therefore, assessment of large timber structures needs to rely on realistic measurement technologies and adequate post-processing tools for improving engineering practices. In this paper, four of the most common identification methods were presented in a benchmark study with respect to the modal parameters identification efficiency of timber elements under different numerical and experimental configurations. These are the Least-Squares Complex Exponential (LSCE) method, the Ibrahim Time Domain (ITD) method, the Frequency-Domain Direct Parameter Identification (FDPI) method and the Least-Squares Complex Frequency-Domain method (PolyMax). All these methods have advantages and disadvantages in terms of computational efficiency, statistical bias, or variance reduction. Therefore, a careful selection of the modal analysis method is a vital step in dynamic data evaluation. Experimental vibration tests combined with a finite element model were conducted. First, a numerical versus experimental efficiency benchmark was performed. Second, the robustness of the selected algorithms for investigating the influences of input waveforms complexity and external noise to the performance of the algorithms was investigated. The robustness of the selected algorithms for estimating the influences of input waveforms complexity on natural frequencies shifts was analyzed. When comparing various algorithms, the simulation and experimental results give a specific direction for the choice of the adapted modal analysis algorithm in timber-based structures engineering applications. The simulation and experimental results show that, for the same experimental data, the PolyMax algorithm has better performance, while the LSCE is worst. Besides, the PolyMax method gives a nonlinear dimensionality reduction algorithm for processing high dimensional information.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Allemang RJ, Brown DL (1982) A correlation coefficient for modal vector analysis. In: First international modal analysis conference, pp 110–116
Allen MS, Ginsberg JH (2006) A global, single-input–multi-output (SIMO) implementation of the algorithm of mode isolation and application to analytical and experimental data. Mech Syst Signal Process 20:1090–1111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2005.09.007
Bautista-De Castro Á, Sánchez-Aparicio LJ, Ramos LF, Sena-Cruz J, González-Aguilera D (2018) Integrating geomatic approaches, operational modal analysis, advanced numerical and updating methods to evaluate the current safety conditions of the historical Bôco Bridge. Constr Build Mater 158:961–984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.10.084
Bergman R, Cai Z, Carll C et al (2010) Wood handbook: wood as an engineering material. General technical report FPL-GTR-190. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Madison, WI
Brancheriau L, Baillères H, Sales C (2006) Acoustic resonance of xylophone bars: experimental and analytic approaches of frequency shift phenomenon during the tuning operation of xylophone bars. Wood Sci Technol 40:94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-005-0011-3
Brown DL, Allemang RJ, Zimmerman R, Mergeay M (1979) Parameter estimation techniques for modal analysis. SAE Techn Pap 88:828–846. https://doi.org/10.4271/790221
Camelo VS (2003) Dynamic characteristics of woodframe buildings. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology
Carden EP, Fanning P (2004) Vibration based condition monitoring: a review. Struct Health Monit 3:355–377. https://doi.org/10.1177/1475921704047500
Cauberghe B (2004) Applied frequency-domain system identification in the field of experimental and operational modal analysis. Dissertation (Ph.D.), University of Brussels
Dumond P, Baddour N (2015) Experimental investigation of the mechanical properties and natural frequencies of simply supported Sitka spruce plates. Wood Sci Technol 49:1137–1155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-015-0759-z
Ellis B, Bougard A (2001) Dynamic testing and stiffness evaluation of a six-storey timber framed building during construction. Eng Struct 23:1232–1242. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(01)00033-5
Filiatrault A, Isoda H, Folz B (2003) Hysteretic damping of wood framed buildings. Eng Struct 25:461–471. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(02)00187-6
Filiatrault A, Christovasilis IP, Wanitkorkul A, Lindt JW (2010) Experimental seismic response of a full-scale light-frame wood building. J Struct Eng 136:246–254. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000112
Geradin M, Rixen D (1994) Mechanical vibrations, theory and application to structural dynamics. Masson, Paris
Guan C, Liu J, Zhang H, Wang X, Zhou L (2019) Evaluation of modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture of full-size wood composite panels supported on two nodal-lines using a vibration technique. Constr Build Mater 218:64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.05.086
Hermans L, Van der Auweraer H (1999) Modal testing and analysis of structures under operational conditions: industrial applications. Mech Syst Signal Process 13:193–216. https://doi.org/10.1006/mssp.1998.1211
Ibrahim SR, Mikulcik EC (1973) A time domain modal vibration test technique. Shock Vib Bull 43:21–37
Kouroussis G, Ben Fekih L, Descamps T (2017) Assessment of timber element mechanical properties using experimental modal analysis. Constr Build Mater 134:254–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.081
Labonnote N, Rønnquist A, Malo KA (2013) Experimental evaluations of material damping in timber beams of structural dimensions. Wood Sci Technol 47:1033–1050. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-013-0556-5
Lembregts F, Leuridan J, Van Brussel H (1990) Frequency domain direct parameter identification for modal analysis: state space formulation. Mech Syst Signal Process 4:65–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/0888-3270(90)90041-I
Leuridan JM, Brown DL, Allemang RJ (1986) Time domain parameter identification methods for linear modal analysis: a unifying approach. J Vib Acoust Stress Reliab 108:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3269298
Leyder C (2019) Monitoring-based performance assessment of an innovative timber-hybrid building. Dissertation (Ph.D.), Institute of Structural Engineering, ETH Zurich. https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000288684
Loss C, Tannert T, Tesfamariam S (2018) State-of-the-art review of displacement-based seismic design of timber buildings. Constr Build Mater 191:481–497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.09.205
Mackerle J (2005) Finite element analyses in wood research: a bibliography. Wood Sci Technol 39:579–600. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-005-0026-9
Matjaz M, Blaz S, Slavic J (2018) Open source experimental modal analysis software. http://www.openmodal.com. Accessed 23 Dec 2018
Olmedo I, Bourrier F, Bertrand D et al (2015) Experimental analysis of the response of fresh wood stems subjected to localized impact loading. Wood Sci Technol 49:623–646. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-015-0713-0
Palma P, Steiger R (2020) Structural health monitoring of timber structures: review of available methods and case studies. Constr Build Mater 248:118–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118528
Peeters B (2000) System identification and damage detection in civil engineering. Dissertation (Ph.D.), Department of Civil Engineering, KU Leuven
Peeters B, De Roeck G (2001) Stochastic system identification for operational modal analysis: a review. J Dyn Syst Meas Contr 123:659–667. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1410370
Poulimenos AG, Fassois SD (2006) Parametric time-domain methods for non-stationary random vibration modelling and analysis: a critical survey and comparison. Mech Syst Sig Process 20:763–816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2005.10.003
Reynders E (2012) System identification methods for (operational) modal analysis: review and comparison. Arch Computat Methods Eng 19:51–124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-012-9069-x
Reynolds T, Casagrande D, Tomasi R (2016) Comparison of multi-storey cross-laminated timber and timber frame buildings by in situ modal analysis. Constr Build Mater 102:1009–1017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.09.056
Rijal R, Samali B, Shrestha R, Crews K (2016) Experimental and analytical study on dynamic performance of timber floor modules (timber beams). Constr Build Mater 122:391–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.06.027
Spitznogle FR, Quazi AH (1970) Representation and analysis of time-limited signals using a complex exponential algorithm. J Acoust Soc Am 47:1150–1155. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1912020
Suárez-Riestra F, Estévez-Cimadevila J, Martín-Gutiérrez E, Otero-Chans D (2019) Experimental, analytical and numerical vibration analysis of long-span timber-timber composite floors in self-tensioning and non-tensioning configurations. Constr Build Mater 218:341–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.05.084
Verboven P (2002) Frequency-domain system identification for modal analysis. Dissertation (Ph.D.), University of Brussels
Ward H, Lammens S, Sas P (1998) Modal analysis theory and testing. Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the French region Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the framework of the QualiPin research project. The authors thank also all the project partners for their critical discussion of the presented research work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hamdi, S.E., Sbartaï, Z.M. & Elachachi, S.M. Performance assessment of modal parameters identification methods for timber structures evaluation: numerical modeling and case study. Wood Sci Technol 55, 1593–1618 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-021-01335-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-021-01335-0