Abstract
The present work establishes a Navier–Stokes limit for the Boltzmann equation considered over the infinite spatial domain R 3. Appropriately scaled families of DiPerna-Lions renormalized solutions are shown to have fluctuations whose limit points (in the w-L 1 topology) are governed by Leray solutions of the limiting Navier–Stokes equations. This completes the arguments in Bardos-Golse-Levermore [Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 46(5), 667–753 (1993)] for the steady case, and in Lions-Masmoudi [Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 158(3), 173–193 (2001)] for the time-dependent case.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Agoshkov, V.: Space of functions with differential difference characteristics and smoothness of solutions of the transport equation. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 276, 1289–1293 (1984)
Arkeryd, L., Nouri, A.: A compactness result related to the stationary Boltzmann equation in a slab with applications to the existence theory. Indiana Univ. Math. J. 44, 815–839 (1995)
Asano, K.: Conference at the 4th International Workshop on Mathematical Aspects of Fluid and Plasma Dynamics. Kyoto 1991
Bardos, C., Degond, P.: Global existence for the Vlasov-Poisson equation in 3 space variables with small initial data. Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré, Anal. Non Linéaire 2, 101–118 (1985)
Bardos, C., Golse, F., Levermore, D.: Sur les limites asymptotiques de la théorie cinétique conduisant à la dynamique des fluides incompressibles. C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris 309, 727–732 (1989)
Bardos, C., Golse, F., Levermore, D.: Fluid Dynamic Limits of Kinetic Equations I: Formal Derivations. J. Stat. Phys. 63, 323–344 (1991)
Bardos, C., Golse, F., Levermore, C.D.: Fluid Dynamic Limits of Kinetic Equations II: Convergence Proofs for the Boltzmann Equation. Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 46, 667–753 (1993)
Bardos, C., Golse, F., Levermore, C.D.: Acoustic and Stokes Limits for the Boltzmann Equation. C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris 327, 323–328 (1999)
Bardos, C., Golse, F., Levermore, C.D.: The Acoustic Limit for the Boltzmann Equation. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 153, 177–204 (2000)
Bardos, C., Levermore, C.D.: Kinetic Equations and an Incompressible Fluid Dynamical Limit that Recovers Viscous Heating. In preparation (2003)
Bardos, C., Ukai, S.: The Classical Incompressible Navier–Stokes Limit of the Boltzmann Equation. Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci. 1, 235–257 (1991)
Lagha-Benabdallah, A.: Limites des équations d’un fluide compressible lorsque la compressibilité tend vers zéro. (French) Fluid dynamics (Varenna, 1982), 139–165. Lecture Notes Math. 1047. Berlin: Springer 1984
Bouchut, F.: Hypoelliptic regularity in kinetic equations. J. Math. Pures Appl. 9, 313–327 (2002)
Bouchut, F., Desvillettes, L.: A proof of the smoothing properties of the positive part of Boltzmann’s kernel. Rev. Mat. Iberoam. 14, 47–61 (1998)
Bouchut, F., Golse, F., Pulvirenti, M.: Kinetic Equations and Asymptotic Theory, ed. by B. Perthame, L. Desvillettes, Series in Applied Mathematics 4. Paris: Gauthier-Villars 2000
Caflisch, R.: The Boltzmann equation with a soft potential. I. Linear, spatially-homogeneous. Commun. Math. Phys. 74, 71–95 (1980)
Castella, F., Perthame, B.: Estimations de Strichartz pour les équations de transport cinétique. C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, Sér. I, Math. 322, 535–540 (1996)
Cercignani, C.: Mathematical Methods in Kinetic Theory. New York: Plenum Press 1990
Cercignani, C., Illner, R., Pulvirenti, M.: The Mathematical Theory of Dilute Gases. New York: Springer 1994
Constantin, P., Foias, C.: Navier–Stokes Equations. Chicago Lectures in Mathematics. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press 1988
DeMasi, A., Esposito, R., Lebowitz, J.: Incompressible Navier–Stokes and Euler Limits of the Boltzmann Equation. Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 42, 1189–1214 (1990)
Desvillettes, L., Golse, F.: On a model Boltzmann equation without angular cutoff. Differ. Integral Equ. 13, 567–594 (2000)
DiPerna, R.J., Lions, P.-L.: On the Cauchy Problem for the Boltzmann Equation: Global Existence and Weak Stability Results. Ann. Math. 130, 321–366 (1990)
Dunford, N., Pettis, B.J.: Linear Operations on Summable Functions. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 47, 323–392 (1940)
Golse, F., Levermore, C.D.: The Stokes-Fourier and Acoustic Limits for the Boltzmann Equation. Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 55, 336–393 (2002)
Golse, F., Levermore, C.D., Saint-Raymond, L.: La méthode de l’entropie relative pour les limites hydrodynamiques de modèles cinétiques. Séminaire: Equations aux Dérivées Partielles, 1999–2000, Exp. No. XIX, 23 pp., Ecole Polytech., Palaiseau 2000
Golse, F., Lions, P.-L., Perthame, B., Sentis, R.: Regularity of the Moments of the Solution of a Transport Equation. J. Funct. Anal. 76, 110–125 (1988)
Golse, F., Perthame, B., Sentis, R.: Un résultat de compacité pour les équations de transport et application au calcul de la limite de la valeur propre principale de l’opérateur de transport. C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris 301, 341–344 (1985)
Golse, F., Saint-Raymond, L.: The Navier–Stokes limit for the Boltzmann equation. C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris 333, 897–902 (2001)
Golse, F., Saint-Raymond, L.: Velocity averaging in L 1 for the transport equation. C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris 334, 557–562 (2002)
Golse, F., Saint-Raymond, L.: Work in preparation
Grad, H.: Asymptotic theory of the Boltzmann equation. II. 1963 Rarefied Gas Dynamics (Proc. 3rd Internat. Sympos., Palais de l’UNESCO, Paris, 1962), Vol. I, pp. 26–59
Grenier, E.: Fluides en rotation et ondes d’inertie. C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris 321, 711–714 (1995)
Grothendieck, A.: Topological vector spaces. New York: Gordon Breach 1973
Hilbert, D.: Mathematical Problems. International Congress of Mathematicians, Paris 1900. Translated and reprinted in Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 37, 407–436 (2000)
Klainerman, S., Majda, A.: Singular limits of quasilinear hyperbolic systems with large parameters and the incompressible limit of compressible fluids. Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 34, 481–524 (1981)
Lachowicz, M.: On the initial layer and the existence theorem for the nonlinear Boltzmann equation. Math. Methods Appl. Sci. 9, 342–366 (1987)
Landau, L., Lifshitz, E.: Course of theoretical physics. Vol. 6. Fluid mechanics. Oxford: Pergamon Press 1987
Lanford, O.: Time evolution of large classical systems. In: “Dynamical systems, theory and applications” (Rencontres, Battelle Res. Inst., Seattle, Wash., 1974), pp. 1–111. Lecture Notes Phys. 38. Berlin: Springer 1975
Leray, J.: Sur le mouvement d’un fluide visqueux emplissant l’espace. Acta Math. 63, 193–248 (1934)
Levermore, C.D., Masmoudi, N.: From the Boltzmann Equation to an Incompressible Navier–Stokes–Fourier System. Work in preparation
Lions, J.-L.: Théorèmes de trace et d’interpolation I, II. Ann. Sc. Norm. Super. Pisa, Cl. Sci., IV. Ser. 13, 389–403 (1959); 14, 317–331 (1960)
Lions, P.-L.: Conditions at infinity for Boltzmann’s equation. Commun. Partial. Differ. Equations 19, 335–367 (1994)
Lions, P.-L.: Mathematical Topics in Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 1: Incompressible Models. Oxford Lecture Series in Mathematics and its Applications, 3. Oxford Science Publications. New York: The Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press 1996
Lions, P.-L.: Compactness in Boltzmann’s equation via Fourier integral operators and applications I. J. Math. Kyoto Univ. 34, 391–427 (1994)
Lions, P.-L.: Compactness in Boltzmann’s equation via Fourier integral operators and applications II. J. Math. Kyoto Univ. 34, 429–461 (1994)
Lions, P.-L.: Compactness in Boltzmann’s equation via Fourier integral operators and applications III. J. Math. Kyoto Univ. 34, 539–584 (1994)
Lions, P.-L.: On Boltzmann and Landau equations. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. A, Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 346, 191–204 (1994)
Lions, P.-L., Masmoudi, N.: Une approche locale de la limite incompressible. (French) C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, Sér. I, Math. 329, 387–392 (1999)
Lions, P.-L., Masmoudi, N.: From Boltzmann Equations to Navier–Stokes Equations I. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 158, 173–193 (2001)
Lions, P.-L., Masmoudi, N.: From Boltzmann Equations to the Stokes and Euler Equations II. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 158, 195–211 (2001)
Masmoudi, N., Saint-Raymond, L.: From the Boltzmann equation to the Stokes-Fourier system in a bounded domain. To appear in Commun. Pure Appl. Math.
Perthame, B.: Global Existence to the BGK Model of the Boltzmann Equation. J. Differ. Equations 82, 191–205 (1989)
Quastel, J., Yau, H.-T.: Lattice gases, large deviations, and the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. Ann. Math. (2) 148, 51–108 (1998)
Saint-Raymond, L.: Discrete time Navier–Stokes limit for the BGK Boltzmann equation. Commun. Partial Differ. Equations 27, 149–184 (2002)
Saint-Raymond, L.: From the Boltzmann BGK Equation to the Navier–Stokes System. Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér., IV. Sér. 36, 271–317 (2003)
Schochet, S.: Fast singular limits of hyperbolic PDEs. J. Differ. Equations 114, 476–512 (1994)
Simon, J.: Compact sets in the space Lp(0,T;B). Ann. Mat. Pura Appl., IV. Ser. 146, 65–96 (1987)
Sone, Y.: Asymptotic Theory of Flow of a Rarefied Gas over a Smooth Boundary II. In: Rarefied Gas Dynamics. Vol. II, pp. 737–749, ed. by D. Dini. Pisa: Editrice Tecnico Scientifica 1971
Sone, Y.: Kinetic Theory and Fluid Mechanics. Boston: Birkhäuser 2002
Toscani, G., Villani, C.: Sharp entropy dissipation bounds and explicit rate of trend to equilibrium for the spatially homogeneous Boltzmann equation. Commun. Math. Phys. 203, 667–706 (1999)
Villani, C.: Limites hydrodynamiques de l’équation de Boltzmann [d’après C. Bardos, F. Golse, D. Levermore, Lions, P.-L., N. Masmoudi, L. Saint-Raymond]. Séminaire Bourbaki, vol. 2000–2001, Exp. 893
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Mathematics Subject Classification (2000)
35Q35, 35Q30, 82C40
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Golse, F., Saint-Raymond, L. The Navier–Stokes limit of the Boltzmann equation for bounded collision kernels. Invent. math. 155, 81–161 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00222-003-0316-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00222-003-0316-5