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Effect of technological processes and storage on flavonoids content and total, cumulative fast-kinetics and cumulative slow-kinetics antiradical activities of citrus juices

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Abstract

Juices from the mandarin Clemenules (Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan.), the tangor Ortanique (Citrus reticulata Blanco × Citrus sinensis Osb.) and the sweet orange Valencia Late (Citrus sinensis) have been industrially squeezed, pasteurized, concentrated and stored under refrigeration (4 °C) and at room temperature (20 °C). After each process, the flavanone-7-O-glycosides (FGs) and fully methoxylated flavones (FMFs) contents as well as total, cumulative fast-kinetics and cumulative slow-kinetics antiradical activities were determined and compared with those from the corresponding fresh hand-squeezed juices. Neither industrial-squeezing, nor pasteurization or concentration significantly affected FGs and FMFs contents and antiradical activities of assayed juices. Storage caused a slight decrease of the FMFs contents but a significant reduction of both soluble hesperidin contents and cumulative fast-kinetics antiradical activities in all assayed juices. These decreases were dependent on storage temperature. Characteristic values of the varietal characterization parameters, which are derived from the FMFs contents and antiradical activities of fresh hand-squeezed juices, held valid for industrially squeezed, pasteurized and concentrated juices. After storage, however, only the FMFs-derived varietal characterization parameters and cumulative slow-kinetics antiradical activity remained valid for the resulting juices.

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Abbreviations

AA:

Ascorbic acid

ABTS•+ :

2,2-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulphonate

CMN:

Clemenules cultivar

DID:

Didymin

DPPH• :

2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl

FAA:

Fast-kinetics antiradical activity (mmol l−1, molar equivalents of AA)

FG:

Flavanone-7-O-glycoside

FMF:

Fully methoxylated flavone

GOS:

Hexamethyl-O-gossypetin

HEP:

Heptamethoxyflavone

HES:

Hesperidin

IS1 :

Internal standard for FGs (o-coumaric acid)

IS2 :

Internal standard for FMFs (flavone)

k 1 :

Average rate constant of cumulative FAA (l mol−1 min−1)

k 2 :

Average rate constant of cumulative SAA (l mol−1 min−1)

LDL:

Low-density lipoprotein

NAR:

Narirutin

NOB:

Nobiletin

ORT:

Ortanique cultivar

QUE:

Hexamethyl-O-quercetagetin

SAA:

Slow-kinetics antiradical activity (mmol l−1, molar equivalents of AA)

SCU:

Tetramethyl-O-scutellarein

TAA:

Total antiradical activity of juice (mmol l−1, molar equivalents of AA)

VAL:

Valencia Late cultivar

y :

Time-dependent concentration of DPPH• (μmol l−1)

y 1 :

Asymptotic value of the DPPH• concentration (μmol l−1) due solely to the cumulative FAA of juice

y 2 :

Asymptotic value of the DPPH• concentration (μmol l−1) due solely to the cumulative SAA of juice

y 0 :

Initial concentration of DPPH• (μmol l−1)

y s :

Experimental asymptotic value of the DPPH• concentration (μmol l−1) due to TAA

ρ 1 :

Adjustable parameter (=k 1/σ 1, l mol−1 min−1)

ρ 2 :

Adjustable parameter (=k 2/σ 2, l mol−1 min−1)

σ 1 :

Average stoichiometric constant of cumulative FAA

σ 2 :

Average stoichiometric constant of cumulative SAA

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (Spain), project AGL2002-01172ALI, and AGROALIMED (Consellería de Agricultura, Pesca i Alimentació, Generalitat Valenciana, Spain).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, P.O. Box 73, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain

    Enrique Sentandreu, José L. Navarro & José M. Sendra

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  1. Enrique Sentandreu
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  2. José L. Navarro
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  3. José M. Sendra
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Correspondence to José M. Sendra.

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Sentandreu, E., Navarro, J.L. & Sendra, J.M. Effect of technological processes and storage on flavonoids content and total, cumulative fast-kinetics and cumulative slow-kinetics antiradical activities of citrus juices. Eur Food Res Technol 225, 905–912 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-006-0500-0

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