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Polyaniline/MWCNTs/starch modified carbon paste electrode for non-enzymatic detection of cholesterol: application to real sample (cow milk)

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Abstract

Nanocomposite materials are potentially revolutionizing many technologies, including sensors. In this paper, we described the application of “PANI/MWCNTs/Starch” modified carbon paste electrode (PCS-CPE) as a simple and highly sensitive cholesterol sensor. This novel nano-composite material has integrated nano-morphology, where polyaniline could interact effectively with the additives; pi-pi stacking “MWCNTs,” and covalently bonded with starch. Specific binding sites (sugar chains), better electro-catalytic properties and fast electron transfer facilitated the oxidation of cholesterol. Fourier transform infrared spectra confirmed the interaction of cholesterol with the composite material. The sensing response of PCS was measured by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry (0.1 M PBS-5 used as supporting electrolyte). As the amount of cholesterol increased in the test solution, cyclic voltammograms showed a rise of peak current (cathodic and anodic). Under the normal experimental conditions, the developed sensor exhibited wide linear dynamic range (0.032 to 5 mM) (upper limit is due to lack of solubility of cholesterol), high sensitivity (800 μAmM−1 cm−2), low detection limit (0.01 mM) and shorter response time (within 4–6 s). Analytical specificity, selectivity, and sensitivity during cholesterol estimation were compared with the response of some other analytes (ascorbic acid, glucose, l-dopa, urea and lactic acid). This novel sensor was successfully applied to estimate cholesterol in cow milk (used as a model real sample). The sensing platform is highly sensitive and shows a linear response towards cholesterol without using any additional redox mediator or enzyme, thus this material is extremely promising for the realization of a low-cost integrated cholesterol sensor device.

Cyclic voltammetric response of cholesterol of composite modified carbon paste capillary electrode

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Acknowledgements

The authors (Vinita Gautam) acknowledge the MHRD for senior research fellowship; Head, department of chemical engineering and technology for research facilities; Coordinator, School of Biochemical Engineering for providing electrochemical facilities; members of MITWS for intellectual support to complete this manuscript.

We are thankful to Priyanka (research scholar, department of ceramic engineering, IIT - BHU), and other friends for giving valuable suggestions during the editing phase of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, IIT-BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 521005, India

    Vineeta Gautam & Vijay L. Yadav

  2. Mahamana Innovative Technologies Welfare Society, Nawabganj, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 242606, India

    Vineeta Gautam & Karan P. Singh

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  1. Vineeta Gautam
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  2. Karan P. Singh
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  3. Vijay L. Yadav
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All the authors contributed equally to prepare this manuscript.

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Correspondence to Karan P. Singh.

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Gautam, V., Singh, K.P. & Yadav, V.L. Polyaniline/MWCNTs/starch modified carbon paste electrode for non-enzymatic detection of cholesterol: application to real sample (cow milk). Anal Bioanal Chem 410, 2173–2181 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-018-0880-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-018-0880-6

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