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Monolithic and core–shell columns in comprehensive two-dimensional HPLC: a review

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Abstract

The crucial point affecting the separation time in comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography is the performance of the column used in the second dimension, which should allow highly efficient fast chromatographic separations in the short time available for the analysis of fractions transferred from the first to the second dimension (often 1 min or less). This can be accomplished on short columns packed with sub-2-μm particles, at the cost of very high operation pressure. Core–shell or silica monolithic columns have better permeability, and their use in the second dimension of comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography with conventional liquid chromatography instrumentation is continuously increasing. Monolithic columns based on organic polymer matrices offer a wide selection of stationary phase chemistries, including new hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography materials, which can be used in the design of novel two-dimensional separations. Some organic polymer monolithic materials offer a dual retention mechanism (reversed-phase hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography), so a single column can be used in alternating runs for highly orthogonal off-line two-dimensional and even three-dimensional separations. In the present work, the properties of core–shell and silica gel monolithic columns are briefly summarized and their applications in two-dimensional separations of peptides, proteins, oligomer surfactants, fats and oils, carotenoids, phenolic and flavone compounds in plant extracts, food, and beverages are reviewed.

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Acknowledgment

This work was supported by the Czech Science Foundation, project no. P206/12/0398.

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  1. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic

    Pavel Jandera, Tomáš Hájek & Magda Staňková

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  1. Pavel Jandera
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  2. Tomáš Hájek
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Correspondence to Pavel Jandera.

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Published in the topical collection Multidimensional Chromatography with guest editors Torsten C. Schmidt, Oliver J. Schmitz, and Thorsten Teutenberg.

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Jandera, P., Hájek, T. & Staňková, M. Monolithic and core–shell columns in comprehensive two-dimensional HPLC: a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 407, 139–151 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-8147-3

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