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Ultrasound-assisted emulsification–microextraction for the sensitive determination of ethyl carbamate in alcoholic beverages

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Abstract

A method based on ultrasound-assisted emulsification–microextraction (USAEME) was proposed in this contribution for the determination of ethyl carbamate (EC) in alcoholic beverages using gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. To achieve the determination of EC in alcoholic beverages, the influences on the extraction efficiency of type and volume of extraction solvent, temperature, ionic strength, alcohol content, and extraction time were studied, once the extraction solvent had been selected. The optimized conditions were 200.0 μL of chloroform at 30 °C during 5 min with 15 % (m/v) sodium chloride addition. The detection limit, relative standard deviations, linear range, and recoveries under the optimized conditions were 0.03 μg L−1, 4.2–6.1 %, 0.1–50.0 μg L−1, and 80.5–87.9 %, respectively. Moreover, the feasibility of the present method was also validated by real samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that USAEME has been applied to determine a strongly hydrophilic compound in alcoholic beverages.

Schematic diagram of EC preconcentration from alcoholic beverages by USAEME. (a) Sample solution containing EC and 15 % (m/v) NaCl, (b) addition of 200 μL of extraction solvent (chloroform) into sample solution, (c) manual shaking 10 s for premix, (d) horizontal sonication emulsification at 30 °C during 5 min, (e) phase separation after centrifugation, and (f) enlarged view of resulting organic phase

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the fund from innovation fund of Jiangxi academy of agricultural sciences (No. 2010CJJ012) and key laboratory for quality and safety of agricultural products.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key laboratory for quality and safety of agricultural products, Agricultural product quality safety and standards institute, Jiangxi academy of agricultural sciences, Nanchang, 330200, China

    Qie Gen Liao, Wei Hong Li & Lin Guang Luo

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  1. Qie Gen Liao
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  2. Wei Hong Li
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  3. Lin Guang Luo
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Correspondence to Lin Guang Luo.

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Liao, Q.G., Li, W.H. & Luo, L.G. Ultrasound-assisted emulsification–microextraction for the sensitive determination of ethyl carbamate in alcoholic beverages. Anal Bioanal Chem 405, 6791–6797 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-013-7110-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-013-7110-z

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