Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Effects of cabergoline and dimethylcabergoline on the sexual behavior of male rats

  • Original Investigation
  • Published:
Psychopharmacology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Rationale

Cabergoline (CAB) is an ergot derivative typically prescribed for the treatment of hyperprolactinemia. It suppresses the release of prolactin through agonist actions on dopamine (DA) D2 receptors; however, it possesses binding affinity for other DA and 5-HT receptors. Side effects that exacerbate valvular heart disease can occur with high doses.

Objective

The present study examined the acute, subchronic, and chronic dose–response effects of CAB and a derivative dimethylcabergoline (DMC) which acts as an antagonist instead of agonist at 5-HT 2B receptors, on appetitive and consummatory sexual behaviors of male rats.

Methods

CAB (0, 0.03, 0.15, or 0.3 mg/kg/ml) was administered daily to sexually experienced male rats (N = 10/dose) by oral gavage for a total of 68 days. Sexual behavior was tested every 4 days during this period for a total of 16 trials. On the 17th trial, rats were administered their dose of CAB, and 4 h after were overdosed with sodium pentobarbital, perfused intracardially, and their brains processed for Fos immunohistochemistry. DMC (0, 0.03, 0.15, 0.3 mg/kg/ml) was administered daily to sexually experienced male rats (N = 10/dose) by oral gavage for a total of 36 days. Sexual behavior was tested every 4 days for a total of 9 trials.

Results

CAB increased anticipatory level changes, intromissions, and ejaculations significantly across all timepoints, with the medium and high doses being most potent. The medium and high doses also increased Fos protein significantly within the medial preoptic area, whereas in the nucleus accumbens shell, the low and medium doses decreased Fos protein but the high dose increased it significantly from control. Similar to CAB, the medium and high doses of DMC increased the number of ejaculations significantly. Rats in all drug dose groups appeared healthy for the duration of the experiments.

Conclusions

Both CAB and DMC facilitate ejaculations, and CAB further facilitates measures of anticipatory sexual motivation and intromissions. These data suggest that both could be used as treatments for sexual arousal disorders and ejaculation/orgasm disorders with little or no untoward side effects at low doses.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Afonso VM, Mueller D, Stewart J, Pfaus JG (2009) Amphetamine pretreatment facilitates appetitive sexual behaviors in the female rat. Psychopharmacology 205:35–43

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahlenius S, Engel J, Larsson K, Svensson L (1982) Effects of pergolide and bromocriptine on male rat sexual behavior. J Neural Transm 54:165–170

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allers KA, Dremencov E, Ceci A, Flik G, Ferger B, Cremers TI, Ittrich C, Sommer B (2010) Acute and repeated flibanserin administration in female rats modulates monoamines differentially across brain areas: a microdialysis study. J Sex Med 7:1757–1767

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Antonini A, Poewe W (2007) Fibrotic heart-valve reactions to dopamine-agonist treatment in Parkinson’s disease. Lancet Neurol 6:826–829

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arnow BA, Millheiser L, Garrett A, Lake Polan M, Glover GH, Hill KR, Lightbody A, Watson C, Banner L, Smart T, Buchanan T, Desmond JE (2009) Women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder compared to normal females: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Neuroscience 158:484–502

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baum MJ, Everitt BJ (1992) Increased expression of c-fos in the medial preoptic area after mating in male rats: role of afferent inputs from the medial amygdala and midbrain central tegmental field. Neuroscience 50:627–646

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berg KA, Harvey JA, Spampinato U, Clarke WP (2008) Physiological and therapeutic relevance of constitutive activity of 5-HT 2A and 5-HT 2C receptors for the treatment of depression. Prog Brain Res 172:287–305

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharyya S, Schapira AH, Mikhailidis DP, Davar J (2009) Drug-induced fibrotic valvular heart disease. Lancet 374:577–585

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bitran D, Thompson JT, Hull EM, Sachs BD (1989) Quinelorane (LY163502), a D2 dopamine receptor agonist, facilitates seminal emission, but inhibits penile erection in the rat. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 34:453–458

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blackburn JR, Pfaus JG, Phillips AG (1992) Dopamine functions in appetitive and defensive behaviours. Prog Neurobiol 39:247–279

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buvat J (2003) Hyperprolactinemia and sexual function in men: a short review. Int J Impot Res 15:373–377

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cabilio S (1996) Behavioral scoring program Unpublished software. Concordia University, Montréal

    Google Scholar 

  • Cantor JM, Binik YM, Pfaus JG (1999) Chronic fluoxetine inhibits sexual behavior in the male rat: reversal with oxytocin. Psychopharmacology 144:355–362

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Colao A, di Sarno A, Pivonello R, di Somma C, Lombardi G (2002) Dopamine receptor agonists for treating prolactinomas. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 11:787–800

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coolen LM, Peters HJ, Veening JG (1998) Anatomical interrelationships of the medial preoptic area and other brain regions activated following male sexual behavior: a combined fos and tract-tracing study. J Comp Neurol 397:421–435

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Corona G, Rastrelli G, Bianchi N, Sparano C, Sforza A, Vignozzi L, Maggi M (2023) Hyperprolactinemia and male sexual function: focus on erectile dysfunction and sexual desire. Int J Impot Res. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41443-023-00717-1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cosyns B, Droogmans S, Rosenhek R, Lancellotti P (2013) Drug-induced valvular heart disease. Heart 99:7–12

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dalló J, Lekka N, Knoll J (1986) The ejaculatory behavior of sexually sluggish male rats treated with (-)deprenyl, apomorphine, bromocriptine and amphetamine. Pol J Pharmacol Pharm 38:251–255

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Deebel NA, Thai K, Ramasamy R, Terlecki RP (2022) Understanding the dopaminergic pathway relative to men’s sexual dysfunction in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a narrative review with implications for future research. Int J Impot Res. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41443-022-00656-3

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Devroye C, Cathala A, Di Marco B, Caraci F, Drago F, Piazza PV, Spampinato U (2015) Central serotonin(2B) receptor blockade inhibits cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion independently of changes of subcortical dopamine outflow. Neuropharmacology 97:329–337

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Doherty PC, Bartke A, Smith MS (1981) Differential effects of bromocriptine treatment on LH release and copulatory behavior in hyperprolactinemic male rats. Horm Behav 15:436–450

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dosa PI, Ward T, Walters MA, Kim SW (2013) Synthesis of novel analogs of cabergoline: improving cardiovascular safety by removing 5-HT2B receptor agonism. ACS Med Chem Lett 4:254–258

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrara N, Bernardini R, Nicoletti F, Drago F, Matera M, Ceravolo A, Scapagnini U (1985) Prolactin influences sexual behavior during aging. J Endocrinol Invest 8(Suppl 2):23–32

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fitzgerald LW, Burn TC, Brown BS, Patterson JP, Corjay MH, Valentine PA, Sun JH, Link JR, Abbaszade I, Hollis JM, Largent BL, Hartig PR, Hollis GF, Meunier PC, Robichaud AJ, Robertson DW (2000) Possible role of valvular serotonin 5-HT(2B) receptors in the cardiopathy associated with fenfluramine. Mol Pharmacol 57:75–81

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gebeyehu NA, Gesese MM, Tegegne KD, Kebede YS, Kassie GA, Mengstie MA, Zemene MA, Bantie B, Feleke SF, Dejenie TA, Abebe EC, Anley DT, Dessie AM, Bayih WA, Adela GA (2023) Global prevalence of sexual dysfunction among diabetic patients from 2008 to 2022: systematic review and meta-analysis. Metabol Open 18:100247

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gelez H, Clement P, Compagnie S, Gorny D, Laurin M, Allers K, Sommer B, Giuliano F (2013) Brain neuronal activation induced by flibanserin treatment in female rats. Psychopharmacology 230:639–652

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giuliano F, Rampin O (2004) Neural control of erection. Physiol Behav 83:189–201

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • González Cautela BV, Quintana GR, Akerman J, Pfaus JG (2021) Acute caffeine reverses the disruptive effects of chronic fluoxetine on the sexual behavior of female and male rats. Psychopharmacology 238:755–764

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Graham MD, Pfaus JG (2012) Differential effects of dopamine antagonists infused to the medial preoptic area on the sexual behavior of female rats primed with estrogen and progesterone. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 102:532–539

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graham MD, Gardner Gregory J, Hussain D, Brake WG, Pfaus JG (2015) Ovarian steroids alter dopamine receptor populations in the medial preoptic area of female rats: implications for sexual motivation, desire, and behaviour. Eur J Neurosci 42:3138–3148

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harding SM, McGinnis MY (2005) Microlesions of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus: effects on sociosexual behaviors in male rats. Behav Neurosci 119:1227–1234

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harding SM, McGinnis MY (2004) Androgen receptor blockade in the MPOA or VMN: effects on male sociosexual behaviors. Physiol Behav 81:671–680

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hollander AB, Pastuszak AW, Hsieh TC, Johnson WG, Scovell JM, Mai CK, Lipshultz LI (2016) Cabergoline in the treatment of male orgasmic disorder - a retrospective pilot analysis. Sex Med 4:e28–e33

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Holt RI, Barnett AH, Bailey CJ (2010) Bromocriptine: old drug, new formulation and new indication. Diabetes Obes Metab 12:1048–1057

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horvath J, Fross RD, Kleiner-Fisman G, Lerch R, Stalder H, Liaudat S, Raskoff WJ, Flachsbart KD, Rakowski H, Pache JC, Burkhard PR, Lang AE (2004) Severe multivalvular heart disease: a new complication of the ergot derivative dopamine agonists. Mov Disord 19:656–662

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hull EM, Dominguez JM (2007) Sexual behavior in male rodents. Horm Behav 52:45–55

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ismail N, Laroche C, Girard-Bériault F, Ménard S, Greggain-Mohr JA, Pfaus JG (2010) Conditioned ejaculatory preference in male rats paired with haloperidol-treated females. Physiol Behav 100:116–121

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kippin TE, Cain SW, Pfaus JG (2003) Estrous odors and sexually-conditioned neutral odors activate independent neural pathways in the male rat. Neuroscience 117:971–979

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kleitz-Nelson HK, Dominguez JM, Cornil CA, Ball GF (2010) Is sexual motivational state linked to dopamine release in the medial preoptic area? Behav Neurosci 124:300–304

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Konstantinos S, Vikelis M, Rapoport A (2020) Acute care treatment of migraine. J Neuroophthalmol 40:472–484

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krüger TH, Haake P, Haverkamp J, Krämer M, Exton MS, Saller B, Leygraf N, Hartmann U, Schedlowski M (2003) Effects of acute prolactin manipulation on sexual drive and function in males. J Endocrinol 179:357–365

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krüger THC, Keil L, Jung S, Kahl KG, Wittfoth M, Leeners B, Hartmann U (2018) Lack of increase in sexual drive and function after dopaminergic stimulation in women. J Sex Marital Ther 44:61–72

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kvernmo T, Härtter S, Burger E (2006) A review of the receptor-binding and pharmacokinetic properties of dopamine agonists. Clin Ther 28:1065–1078

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Larner AJ (2008) Transient acute neurologic sequelae of sexual activity: headache and amnesia. J Sex Med 5:284–288

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mantegani S, Brambilla E, Varasi M (1999) Ergoline derivatives: receptor affinity and selectivity. Farmaco 54:288–296

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mayer J, Sato A, Kiupel M, DeCubellis J, Donnelly T (2011) Extralabel use of cabergoline in the treatment of a pituitary adenoma in a rat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 239:656–660

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Melis MR, Sanna F, Argiolas A (2022) Dopamine, erectile function and male sexual behavior from the past to the present: a review. Brain Sci 12:826

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miyagawa Y, Tsujimura A, Fujita K, Matsuoka Y, Takahashi T, Takao T, Takada S, Matsumiya K, Osaki Y, Takasawa M, Oku N, Hatazawa J, Kaneko S, Okuyama A (2007) Differential brain processing of audiovisual sexual stimuli in men: comparative positron emission tomography study of the initiation and maintenance of penile erection during sexual arousal. Neuroimage 36:830–842

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nickel M, Moleda D, Loew T, Rother W, Pedrosa Gil F (2007) Cabergoline treatment in men with psychogenic erectile dysfunction: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Int J Impot Res 19:104–107

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parada M, Chamas L, Censi S, Coria-Avila G, Pfaus JG (2010) Clitoral stimulation induces conditioned place preference and Fos activation in the rat. Horm Behav 57:112–118

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paredes RG, Lopez ME, Baum MJ (1998) Testosterone augments neuronal Fos responses to estrous odors throughout the vomeronasal projection pathway of gonadectomized male and female rats. Horm Behav 33:48–57

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pattij T, Olivier B, Waldinger MD (2005) Animal models of ejaculatory behavior. Curr Pharm Des 11(31):4069–4077

  • Paxinos G, Watson C (2005) The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates. Elsevier, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Pellis SM, Teitelbaum P, Meyer ME (1990) Labyrinthine and visual involvement in the dorsal immobility response of adult rats. Behav Brain Res 39:197–204

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pfaus JG (2009) Pathways of sexual desire. J Sex Med 6:1506–1533

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pfaus JG, Heeb MM (1997) Implications of immediate-early gene induction in the brain following sexual stimulation of female and male rodents. Brain Res Bull 44:397–407

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pfaus JG, Phillips AG (1991) Role of dopamine in anticipatory and consummatory aspects of sexual behavior in the male rat. Behav Neurosci 105:727–743

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pfaus JG, Giuliano F, Gelez H (2007) Bremelanotide: an overview of preclinical CNS effects on female sexual function. J Sex Med 4(Suppl 4):269–279

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pfaus JG, Mendelson SD, Phillips AG (1990a) A correlational and factor analysis of anticipatory and consummatory measures of sexual behavior in the male rat. Psychoneuroendocrinology 15:329–340

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pfaus JG, Damsma G, Nomikos GG, Wenkstern DG, Blaha CD, Phillips AG, Fibiger HC (1990b) Sexual behavior enhances central dopamine transmission in the male rat. Brain Res 530:345–348

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pivonello R, Auriemma RS, Delli Veneri A, Dassie F, Lorusso R, Ragonese M, Liotta M, Sala E, Zarino B, Lai E, Urbani C, Bogazzi F, Mantovani G, Cannavò S, Maffei P, Chiodini P, Colao A (2022) Global psychological assessment with the evaluation of life and sleep quality and sexual and cognitive function in a large number of patients with acromegaly: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Endocrinol 187:823–845

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Porter MC, Appiah-Kubf LS, Chaudhuri KR (2002) Treatment of Parkinson’s disease and restless legs syndrome with cabergoline, a long-acting dopamine agonist. Int J Clin Pract 56:468–474

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pradeep R, Sundarmurthy H, Karan V, Kulkarni P (2019) Prevalence and predictors of femalesexual dysfunction in migraine. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 22:291–294

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rubio-Casillas A, Rodríguez-Quintero CM, Rodríguez-Manzo G, Fernández-Guasti A (2015) Unraveling the modulatory actions of serotonin on male rat sexual responses. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 55:234–246

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sachs BD, Barfield RJ (1976) Functional analysis of masculine copulatory behavior in the rat. Adv Stud Behav 7:91–154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simonsen U, Comerma-Steffensen S, Andersson KE (2016) Modulation of dopaminergic pathways to treat erectile dysfunction. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 119(Suppl 3):63–74

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith SR, Weissman NJ, Anderson CM, Sanchez M, Chuang E, Stubbe S, Bays H, Shanahan WR (2010) Multicenter, placebo-controlled trial of lorcaserin for weight management. N Engl J Med 363:245–256

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stolzenberg DS, Numan M (2011) Hypothalamic interaction with the mesolimbic DA system in the control of the maternal and sexual behaviors in rats. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 35:826–847

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tobiansky DJ, Roma PG, Hattori T, Will RG, Nutsch VL, Dominguez JM (2013) The medial preoptic area modulates cocaine-induced activity in female rats. Behav Neurosci 127:293–302

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vallette S, Serri K, Serri O (2010) Cabergoline therapy for prolactinomas: is valvular heart disease a real safety concern? Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 8:49–54

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang AT, Mullan RJ, Lane MA, Hazem A, Prasad C, Gathaiya NW, Fernández-Balsells MM, Bagatto A, Coto-Yglesias F, Carey J, Elraiyah TA, Erwin PJ, Gandhi GY, Montori VM, Murad MH (2012) Treatment of hyperprolactinemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 1:33

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yonezawa A, Yoshizumi M, Ebiko M, Ise SN, Watanabe C, Mizoguchi H, Kimura Y, Sakurada S (2008) Ejaculatory response induced by a 5-HT2 receptor agonist m-CPP in rats: differential roles of 5-HT2 receptor subtypes. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 88:367–373

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yonezawa A, Yoshizumi M, Ise SN, Watanabe C, Mizoguchi H, Furukawa K, Tsuru H, Kimura Y, Kawatani M, Sakurada S (2009) Synergistic actions of apomorphine and m-chlorophenylpiperazine on ejaculation, but not penile erection in rats. Biomed Res 30:71–78

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshizumi M, Yonezawa A, Kimura Y, Watanabe C, Sakurada S, Mizoguchi H (2021) Central mechanisms of apomorphine and m-Chlorophenylpiperazine on synergistic action for ejaculation in rats. J Sex Med 18:231–239

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zanettini R, Antonini A, Gatto G, Gentile R, Tesei S, Pezzoli G (2007) Valvular heart disease and the use of dopamine agonists for Parkinson’s disease. N Engl J Med 356:39–46

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Noeli Devoto and Brunella González Cautela for help conducting the behavioral experiments, and Dr. Ellen Zakreski for help with the figures.

Funding

This work was supported in part by a Discovery grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada (OGP-138878) to JGP and by an infrastructure grant from Fonds de la recherche en santé du Québec (FRSQ F00757) to the Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology at Concordia University.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Sexual Health and Intervention, Czech National Institute of Mental Health, 250687, Klecany, Czech Republic

    James G. Pfaus

  2. Department of Psychology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Charles University, 18200, Prague, Czech Republic

    James G. Pfaus

  3. Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, H4B 1R7, Canada

    Radu A. Antonie

  4. Institute for Therapeutics Discovery & Development, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA

    Peter I. Dosa

  5. Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA

    Suck Won Kim

Authors
  1. James G. Pfaus
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Radu A. Antonie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Peter I. Dosa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Suck Won Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to James G. Pfaus.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval

The authors declare that all animal procedures conformed to the guidelines of the Canadian Council for Animal Care. All procedures were approved by the Concordia University Animal Research Ethics Committee (Protocol #30000300 to JGP).

Conflict of interest

Two of the authors, PID and SWK, are owners of the patent for DMC.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Pfaus, J.G., Antonie, R.A., Dosa, P.I. et al. Effects of cabergoline and dimethylcabergoline on the sexual behavior of male rats. Psychopharmacology 241, 717–726 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-023-06501-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-023-06501-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation