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Gender differences in the prevalence, risk and clinical correlates of tardive dyskinesia in Chinese schizophrenia

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Abstract

Objective

Despite extensive use of antipsychotic drug treatment, few studies address the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia (TD) in homogeneous ethnic groups such as the Chinese. This study examined gender-specific relationships between TD and symptom levels in schizophrenia among Han Chinese, which have previously received little systematic study.

Materials and methods

Five hundred and twenty-two inpatients with schizophrenia receiving long-term treatment with antipsychotics were evaluated with the AIMS. The patient’s psychopathology was assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Demographic and clinical data were collected from a detailed questionnaire and medical records.

Results

The overall TD prevalence was 33.7% with rates of 39.2% (138/352) in males and 22.4% (38/170) in females (χ 2 = 14.6, df = 1, p < 0.0001; adjust odds ratio 2.06; CI, 1.32–3.16). The AIMS score in patients with TD was lower in females than males (5.3 ± 3.9 vs 6.7 ± 3.7, t = 2.52, p < 0.01) after adjustment for the significant covariates. TD was associated with the negative symptoms on the PANSS in both genders, and with age, PANSS total and positive symptoms in men, not women.

Conclusion

Our present findings suggest that there are gender differences in the prevalence, risk, and clinical correlates of TD in schizophrenia. Although this study is limited by cross-sectional designs, the magnitude of these gender-specific differences is substantial and deservers further prospective study.

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Acknowledgment

Supported by grants from the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (ID: 7072035), the Stanley Medical Research Institute (03T-459 and 05T-726), and the Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 16, Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), United States National Institute of Health K05-DA0454, P50-DA18827, and U01-MH79639.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    Xiang Yang Zhang & Gui Ying Wu

  2. Center for Biological Psychiatry, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, 100096, People’s Republic of China

    Xiang Yang Zhang, Da Chun Chen, Ling Yan Qi, Fang Wang, Mei Hong Xiu & Song Chen

  3. VA Medical Center, Research Building 109, Room 130, 2002 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    Xiang Yang Zhang

  4. VA Medical Center, Research Building 110, Room 229, 2002 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    Therese A. Kosten & Thomas R. Kosten

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  1. Xiang Yang Zhang
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Correspondence to Xiang Yang Zhang.

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Zhang, X.Y., Chen, D.C., Qi, L.Y. et al. Gender differences in the prevalence, risk and clinical correlates of tardive dyskinesia in Chinese schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology 205, 647–654 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-009-1590-8

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