Abstract
The plant Acalypha indica L. is a well-known traditional plant belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae. Traditional practices of the plant claim to treat asthma, pneumonia, wound healing, rheumatoid arthritis, bronchitis, and skin disorders. The major phytochemicals reported are cyanogenic glucosides, tannins, coumarins, flavonoid glycosides, fatty acids, and volatile oils. To summarize the anti-inflammatory potential of Acalypha indica extract and its phytochemicals through preclinical studies. The search terms include anti-inflammatory, Acalypha indica, and Acalypha indica extract independently or in combination with pro-inflammatory markers using various databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, ProQuest, and Google Scholar. The results of preclinical studies confirm that Acalypha indica exhibits strong anti-inflammatory activity. Most of the experimental studies that have been conducted on plant extract are protein denaturation, human red blood cell membrane stabilization assay, and carrageenan-induced inflammation models. However, the molecular mechanism in these studies is still unclear to demonstrate its anti-inflammatory effects. Acalypha indica possesses anti-inflammatory effects that may be due to the presence of phenolic compounds especially flavonoids present in the Acalypha indica. Thus, further research is needed, to understand mechanistic insights of the plant phytochemicals to represent anti-inflammatory properties.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
Not applicable.
References
Aggarwal BB, Gehlot P (2009) Inflammation and cancer: how friendly is the relationship for cancer patients? Curr Opin Pharmacol 9(4):351–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coph.2009.06.020
Agrawal A, Kulkarni GT, Lakshmayya P (2023) Topical application of aerial portion of Acalypha indica Linn ameliorates psoriasis in rodents: evidences from in vivo and in silico studies. J Ethnopharmacol 315:116685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2023.116685
Akbarshahi H, Menzel M, Ramu S, Mahmutovic Persson I, Bjermer L, Uller L (2018) House dust mite impairs antiviral response in asthma exacerbation models through its effects on TLR 3. Allergy 73(5):1053–1063. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.13378
Akshayaa L, Sankari M, Rajesh K (2021) Evaluation of antioxidant and anti inflammatory activity of Acalypha indica aqueous ethanolic extract Nat Volatiles & Essent Oils 8(5):5965–5977
Alnour TM, Ahmed-Abakur EH, Elssaig EH, Abuduhier FM, Ullah MF (2022) Antimicrobial synergistic effects of dietary flavonoids rutin and quercetin in combination with antibiotics gentamicin and ceftriaxone against E. coli (MDR) and P. mirabilis (XDR) strains isolated from human infections: implications for food–medicine interactions. Ital J Food Sci 34(2):34-42. https://doi.org/10.15586/ijfs.v34i2.2196
Alsughayyir J, Alshaiddi W, Alsubki R, Alshammary A, Basudan AM, Alfhili MA (2022) Geraniin inhibits whole blood IFN-γ and IL-6 and promotes IL-1β and IL-8, and stimulates calcium-dependent and sucrose-sensitive erythrocyte death. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 436:115881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2022.115881
Anand U, Tudu CK, Nandy S et al (2022) Ethnodermatological use of medicinal plants in India: From ayurvedic formulations to clinical perspectives - a review. J Ethnopharmacol 284:114744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114744
Ansar W, Ghosh S (2016) Inflammation and inflammatory diseases, markers, and mediators: role of CRP in some inflammatory diseases, vol 24. In: Biology of C reactive protein in health and disease. Springer, New Delhi, pp 67–107. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2680-2_4
Asolkar L, Kakkar K, Chakre O, Chopra RN, Nayar S, Chopra IC (1992) Glossary of Indian medicinal plants. Publications & Information Directorate / National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources(NISCAIR) (CSIR)
Bacchi S, Palumbo P, Sponta A, Coppolino MF (2012) Clinical pharmacology of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a review. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 11(1):52–64. https://doi.org/10.2174/187152312803476255
Bayry J, Radstake TR (2013) Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: progress in molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. Expert Review of Clinical Immunology 9(4):297–299
Beena J, Molly M (2010) Anti-oxidant studies and chemical investigation of ethanol extract of Acalypha indica Linn. Drug Plants:261-279
BenSaad LA, Kim KH, Quah CC, Kim WR, Shahimi M (2017) Anti-inflammatory potential of ellagic acid, gallic acid and punicalagin A&B isolated from Punica granatum. BMC Complement Altern Med 17(1):47. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-017-1555-0
Blaschek W, Hansel R, Keller K, Reichling J, Rimpler H, Schneider G (1998) Hagers Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis 5: Acalypha. Springer Verlag, Berlin II
Boukhenouna S, Wilson MA, Bahmed K, Kosmider B (2018) Reactive oxygen species in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2018:5730395. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5730395
Boyadjian M, Follenfant E, Chamouine A et al (2022) Acute hemolytic anemia caused by G6PD deficiency in children in Mayotte: a frequent and severe complication. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 44(7):363–368. https://doi.org/10.1097/mph.0000000000002381
Brendler T, Gurib-Fakim A (2004) Medicinal and aromatic plants of Indian Ocean Islands: Madagascar, Comoros. Medpharm GmbH Scientific Publishers, Seychelles and Mascarenes
Calixto JB, Otuki MF, Santos AR (2003) Anti-inflammatory compounds of plant origin. Part I. Action on arachidonic acid pathway, nitric oxide and nuclear factor κ B (NF-κB). Planta medica 69(11):973–983. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-45141
Capuron L, Su S, Miller AH, et al. (2008) Depressive symptoms and metabolic syndrome: is inflammation the underlying link? Biol Psychiatry 64(10):896-900. https://doi.org/10.1016/2Fj.biopsych.2008.05.019
Chakraborty B, Bhat MP, Basavarajappa DS et al (2023) Biosynthesis and characterization of polysaccharide-capped silver nanoparticles from Acalypha indica L and evaluation of their biological activities. Environ Res 225:115614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.115614
Chandragiri B (2016) Evaluation of phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, anti inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of Acalypha indica L (leaf) and its cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 (breast cancer) cell lines. Int J Res 3(8):601–613
Chaudhari YK, Jagtap VA, Kanase VG, Ansari I (2016) To study the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Acalypha indica leaves. World J Pharm Res 6(2):650–660. https://doi.org/10.20959/wjpr20172-7684
Chekuri S, Panjala S, Anupalli RR (2017) Cytotoxic activity of Acalypha indica L. hexane extract on breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7). J Phytopharm 6(5):264–268
Chekuri S, Vyshnava SS, Somisetti SL, Cheniya SBK, Gandu C, Anupalli RR (2023) Isolation and anticancer activity of quercetin from Acalypha indica L. against breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. 3 Biotech 13(8):289. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-023-03705-w
Chen L, Deng H, Cui H et al (2018) Inflammatory responses and inflammation-associated diseases in organs. Oncotarget 9(6):7204. https://doi.org/10.18632/2Foncotarget.23208
Chen Y, Xue F, Han C et al (2019) Ferulic acid ameliorated placental inflammation and apoptosis in rat with preeclampsia. Clin Exp Hypertens 41(6):524–530. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641963.2018.1516773
Cheng A-W, Tan X, Sun J-Y, Gu C-M, Liu C, Guo X (2019) Catechin attenuates TNF-α induced inflammatory response via AMPK-SIRT1 pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. PLoS One 14(5):e0217090. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217090
Choi J, Lee DH, Jang H, Park SY, Seol JW (2020) Naringenin exerts anticancer effects by inducing tumor cell death and inhibiting angiogenesis in malignant melanoma. Int J Med Sci 17(18):3049–3057. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.44804
Choi S-S, Park H-R, Lee K-A (2021) A comparative study of rutin and rutin glycoside: antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effect, effect on platelet aggregation and blood coagulation. Antioxidants 10(11):1696. https://doi.org/10.3390/2Fantiox10111696
Chopra RN, Nayar SL, Chopra IC (1956) Glossary of Indian medicinal plants
Choy KW, Murugan D, Leong XF, Abas R, Alias A, Mustafa MR (2019) Flavonoids as natural anti-inflammatory agents targeting nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) signaling in cardiovascular diseases: a mini review. Front Pharmacol 10:1295. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.01295
de Zoete MR, Palm NW, Zhu S, Flavell RA (2014) Inflammasomes. Cold Spring Harbor Perspect Biol 6(12):a016287. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a016287
Dineshkumar B, Vigneshkumar P, Bhuvaneshwaran S, Mitra A (2010) Phyto-pharmacology of Acalypha indica: a review. Int J Biosci Altern Holistic Med 1(2):27
Direito R, Barbalho SM, Figueira ME et al (2023) Medicinal plants, phytochemicals and regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in inflammatory bowel diseases: a comprehensive review. Metabolites 13(6):728. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13060728
Durga KR, Karthikumar S, Jegatheesan K (2009) Isolation of potential antibacterial and antioxidant compounds from Acalypha indica and Ocimum basilicum. J Med Plants Res 3(10):703–706
Ehelepola NDB, Abayagunawardana A, Sudusinghe T (2018) A vegetable-induced hemolytic crisis in a G6PD deficient person: a case report. BMC Research Notes 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-018-3286-9
Ekambaram SP, Aruldhas J, Srinivasan A, Erusappan T (2022) Modulation of NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathways by hydrolysable tannin fraction from Terminalia chebula fruits contributes to its anti-inflammatory action in RAW 264.7 cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 74(5):718–729. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpp/rgab178
French JA, Koepp M, Naegelin Y et al (2017) Clinical studies and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of treatments. Epilepsia 58:69–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.13779
Fujioka S, Niu J, Schmidt C et al (2004) NF-κB and AP-1 connection: mechanism of NF-κB-dependent regulation of AP-1 activity. Mol Cell Biol 24(17):7806–7819. https://doi.org/10.1128/2FMCB.24.17.7806-7819.2004
Furman D, Campisi J, Verdin E et al (2019) Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span. Nat Med 25(12):1822–1832. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-019-0675-0
Gabay O, Sanchez C, Salvat C et al (2010) Stigmasterol: a phytosterol with potential anti-osteoarthritic properties. Osteoarthr Cartilage 18(1):106–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2009.08.019
Ge Q, Chen L, Tang M et al (2018) Analysis of mulberry leaf components in the treatment of diabetes using network pharmacology. Eur J Pharmacol 833:50–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.05.021
Ghosh S, Karin M (2002) Missing pieces in the NF-kappaB puzzle. Cell 109(Suppl):S81-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(02)00703-1
Godipurge S, Biradar JS, Mahurkar N (2014) Phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation of Acalypha indica Linn in experimental animal models. Int J Pharm Phytochem Res 6:973–979
Govindarajan M, Jebanesan A, Pushpanathan T, Samidurai K (2008) Studies on effect of Acalypha indica L. (Euphorbiaceae) leaf extracts on the malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res 103:691–695
Govindarajan M, Jebanesan A, Reetha D, Amsath R, Pushpanathan T, Samidurai K (2008) Antibacterial activity of Acalypha indica L. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 12(5):299–302
Grivennikov SI, Karin M (2010) Inflammation and oncogenesis: a vicious connection. Curr Opin Genet Dev 20(1):65–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2009.11.004
Guo Y-J, Zhao L, Li X-F et al (2010) Effect of Corilagin on anti-inflammation in HSV-1 encephalitis and HSV-1 infected microglias. Eur J Pharmacol 635(1–3):79–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.02.049
Gupta AK, Tandon N (2004) Reviews on Indian medicinal plants. Indian Council Medical Research, New Delhi
Gurib-Fakim A (2007) Medicinal plants of Mauritius and of the world. Centre de Phytothérapie et de Recherche
Henao-Mejia J, Elinav E, Thaiss CA, Flavell RA (2013) Chapter three - The intestinal microbiota in chronic liver disease. In: Alt FW (ed) Advances in immunology, vol 117. Academic Press, pp 73–97
Hungeling M, Lechtenberg M, Fronczek FR, Nahrstedt A (2009) Cyanogenic and non-cyanogenic pyridone glucosides from Acalypha indica (Euphorbiaceae). Phytochemistry 70(2):270–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.12.011
Itankar P, Jaiswal A, Verma P, Arora S, Patil A (2011) Antidiabetic potential and its relationship with polyphenol and degree of polymerization in Acalypha indica Linn leaves. J Homeop Ayurv Med 1(102):2167–1206.1000102. https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-1206.1000102
Husniyah J, Ma’arif RAB (2018) Formulation and antibacterial activity test of Staphylococcus aureus microemulsion of anting-anting (Acalypha indica) leaf extract using isopropyl miristate as oil phase. J Islam Pharm 3(1):1–7
Jayaprakasam R, Ravi T (2012) Evaluation of anti arthritic activity of the root extract of Acalypha indica Linn. using in vitro techniques. Int J Phyto Pharm 2:169–73. https://doi.org/10.7439/ijpp.v2i6.36
Jo EK, Kim JK, Shin DM, Sasakawa C (2016) Molecular mechanisms regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Cell Mol Immunol 13(2):148–59. https://doi.org/10.1038/cmi.2015.95
Josyaa SS, Muthukumar N, Banumathi V (2018) Therapeutic effectiveness of a Siddha formulation “Thirutharatchatha Chooranam”-a review. World J Pharm Med Res 4(11):130–131. https://doi.org/10.20959/wjpr201816-13294
Kameswari S, Narayanan A, Lakshmi RS (2020) Free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory potential of Acalypha indica mediated selenium nanoparticles. Drug Invention Today 13(2):348–351
Kankanamalage T, Dharmadasa R, Abeysinghe D, Wijesekara R (2014) A survey on medicinal materials used in traditional systems of medicine in Sri Lanka. J Ethnopharmacol 155(1):679–691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.016
Kannian P, Mohana S, Rohini MV, Punithavalli B, Gunasekaran P (2020) Identification and evaluation of Anisochilus carnosus (L. fil.) Wall as a novel candidate with therapeutic potential against multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Herbal Med 23:100369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2020.100369
Kannian P, Mohana S, Vishwarohini M, Saleem ARM (2020) Traditionally used aqueous herbal extracts for respiratory ailments exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. J Clin Toxicol 11:469
Kany S, Vollrath JT, Relja B (2019) Cytokines in inflammatory disease. Int J Mol Sci 20(23):6008. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20236008
Kasirzadeh S, Ghahremani MH, Setayesh N et al (2021) β-sitosterol alters the inflammatory response in CLP rat model of sepsis by modulation of NFκB signaling. BioMed Res Int 2021:5535562. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5535562
Kavitha S, Kovan TK, Bharathi RV (2015) In vitro antioxidant and anticancer studies on the leaf of Acalypha indica. Biomed Pharmacol J 2(2):431–435
Kawaguchi K, Kikuchi S, Hasegawa H, Maruyama H, Morita H, Kumazawa Y (1999) Suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-release and liver injury in mice by naringin. Eur J Pharmacol 368(2–3):245–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0014-2999(98)00867-x
Kennedy BK, Berger SL, Brunet A et al (2014) Aging: a common driver of chronic diseases and a target for novel interventions. Cell 159(4):709. https://doi.org/10.1016/2Fj.cell.2014.10.039
Kim SH, Choi KC (2013) Anti-cancer effect and underlying mechanism(s) of kaempferol, a phytoestrogen, on the regulation of apoptosis in diverse cancer cell models. Toxicol Res 29(4):229–34. https://doi.org/10.5487/tr.2013.29.4.229
Kinoshita S, Inoue Y, Nakama S, Ichiba T, Aniya Y (2007) Antioxidant and hepatoprotective actions of medicinal herb, Terminalia catappa L. from Okinawa Island and its tannin corilagin. Phytomedicine 14(11):755–762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2006.12.012
Krishna VL, Chitra V, Reddy JS (2011) Anti arthritic activity of whole plant Acalypha indica on type II collagen induced arthritis in Wistar rats. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 3(5):99–102
Kumar H, Kawai T, Akira S (2011) Pathogen recognition by the innate immune system. Int Rev Immunol 30(1):16–34. https://doi.org/10.3109/08830185.2010.529976
Kumar P, Nirmalababurao RA (2016) Antimicrobial, antioxidant activity and phytochemical screening of Acalypha indica crude leaf extract. Int J Pharm Clin Res 8(6):583–588
La Gruta NL, Kedzierska K, Stambas J, Doherty PC (2007) A question of self-preservation: immunopathology in influenza virus infection. Immunol Cell Biol 85(2):85–92. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.icb.7100026
Latz E, Xiao TS, Stutz A (2013) Activation and regulation of the inflammasomes. Nat Rev Immunol 13(6):397–411. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3452
Laut M, Ndaong NA, Utami T (2019) Cutaneous wound healing activity of herbal ointment containing the leaf extract of Acalypha indica L. on mice (Mus musculus). J Phys Conf Series 1146(1):012025. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1146/1/012025
Lawrence T (2009) The nuclear factor NF-kappaB pathway in inflammation. Cold Spring Harbor Perspect Biol 1(6):a001651. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a001651
Lee HN, Shin SA, Choo GS et al (2018) Anti-inflammatory effect of quercetin and galangin in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis animal models. Int J Mol Med 41(2):888–898. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3296
Lee J, Kim JH (2016) Kaempferol inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth and migration through the blockade of EGFR-related pathway in vitro. PloS One 11(5):e0155264. https://doi.org/10.1371/2Fjournal.pone.0155264
Leyva-López N, Gutierrez-Grijalva EP, Ambriz-Perez DL, Heredia JB (2016) Flavonoids as cytokine modulators: a possible therapy for inflammation-related diseases. Int J Mol Sci 17(6):921. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17060921
Li N, Parrish M, Chan TK et al (2015) Influenza infection induces host DNA damage and dynamic DNA damage responses during tissue regeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 72:2973–2988. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-015-1879-1
Luo T, Zhou X, Qin M et al (2022) Corilagin restrains NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis through the ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway to prevent inflammation. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2022:1652244. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1652244
Lv H, Hong L, Tian Y, Yin C, Zhu C, Feng H (2019) Corilagin alleviates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity via enhancing the AMPK/GSK3β-Nrf2 signaling pathway. Cell Comm Sign 17(1):1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-018-0314-2
Ma YT, Chuang JI, Lin JH, Hsu FL (1997) Phenolics from Acalypha indica. J Chin Chem Soc 44(5):499–502. https://doi.org/10.1002/jccs.199700075
Mahomoodally MF, Roumysa B (2013) Associations between the use of herbal therapy and sociodemographic factors. Spatula DD 3(2):59–68. https://doi.org/10.5455/spatula.20130710044947
Malviya N, Malviya S (2017) Bioassay guided fractionation-an emerging technique influence the isolation, identification and characterization of lead phytomolecules. Int J Hospital Pharm. https://doi.org/10.28933/ijhp-2017-07-0901
Mantovani A, Allavena P, Sica A, Balkwill F (2008) Cancer-related inflammation. Nature 454(7203):436–44. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07205
Marshall JS, Warrington R, Watson W, Kim HL (2018) An introduction to immunology and immunopathology. Allergy, Asthma Clin Immunol 14(2):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13223-018-0278-1
Masih M, Banerjee T, Banerjee B, Pal A (2011) Antidiabetic activity of Acalypha indica linn. on normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 3(3):51–54
Medzhitov R (2008) Origin and physiological roles of inflammation. Nature 454(7203):428–435. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07201
Ming D, Wang D, Cao F et al (2017) Kaempferol inhibits the primary attachment phase of biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 8:2263. https://doi.org/10.3389/2Ffmicb.2017.02263
Mogensen TH (2009) Pathogen recognition and inflammatory signaling in innate immune defenses. Clin Microbiol Rev 22(2):240–73. https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00046-08
Molly MJV, Chandramohan NK, KT Shenoy (2011) Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Acalypha indica leaf extract. Inventi
Morgan MJ, Liu Z-g (2011) Crosstalk of reactive oxygen species and NF-κB signaling. Cell Res 21(1):103–115. https://doi.org/10.1038/cr.2010.178
Moscow S, Jothivenkatachalam K (2012) Study on mineral content of some Ayurvedic Indian medicinal plants. Int J Pharm Sci Res 3:294
Muvhulawa N, Dludla PV, Ziqubu K et al (2022) Rutin ameliorates inflammation and improves metabolic function: a comprehensive analysis of scientific literature. Pharmacol Res 178:106163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106163
Muzammil M, Manikandan M, Jafar AM, Sakthivel PC, Geetha S, Malarkodi R (2015) Anti-inflammatory studies on Acalypha indica L. leaves by membrane stabilization. Indian J Nat Prod Resour 5:195–197
Nadkarni KM (1996) Indian materia medica, vol 1. Popular Prakashan
Nafees S, Rashid S, Ali N, Hasan SK, Sultana S (2015) Rutin ameliorates cyclophosphamide induced oxidative stress and inflammation in Wistar rats: role of NFκB/MAPK pathway. Chem-Biol Interact 231:98–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2015.02.021
Nahrstedt A, Hungeling M, Petereit F (2006) Flavonoids from Acalypha indica. Fitoterapia 77(6):484–486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2006.04.007
Nahrstedt A, Kant J-D, Wray V (1982) Acalyphin, a cyanogenic glucoside from Acalypha indica. Phytochemistry 21(1):101–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(82)80022-8
Narwade V, Waghmare A, Vaidya A (2012) Detection of flavonoids from Acalypha indica L. J Ecobiotechnol 3(11)
Newton K, Dixit VM (2012) Signaling in innate immunity and inflammation. Cold Spring Harbor Perspect Biol 4(3):a006049. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a006049
Nicholson LB (2016) The immune system. Essays Biochem 60(3):275–301. https://doi.org/10.1042/ebc20160017
Ninave PB, Patil SD (2022) Pharmacological screening of Acalypha indica L: possible role in the treatment of asthma. J Ethnopharmacol 290:115093. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115093
Nirmal N, Praba GO, Velmurugan D (2008) Modeling studies on phospholipase A2-inhibitor complexes. Indian J Biochem Biophys 45(4):256–262
Novianti S, NurjatiChairani S, ErniHernawati P, Linda E (2022) Effects of Acalypha indica L. extract on inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an overview of TLR9, NFκB and TNFα expression in hepatocytes and macrophages of Sprague-Dawley rats. Pharm J 14(6):710–719. https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2022.14.158
Oliveira AMd, Conserva LM, Ferro JNDS, Brito FdA, Lemos RPL, Barreto E (2012) Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of octacosanol from the leaves of Sabicea grisea var grisea in mice. Int J Mol Sci 13(2):1598–1611
Oršolić N, Nemrava J, Jeleč Ž et al (2022) Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of chrysin and naringenin in a drug-induced bone loss model in rats. Int J Mol Sci 23(5):2872. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23052872
Pal S, Dhobi M (2019) A comprehensive review: biomarkers in the field of osteoarthritis & potential of herbal medicinal plants used in the treatment. Scholars Acad J Pharm 8(7):313-326. https://doi.org/10.21276/sajp.2019.8.7.1
Pellegrini C, Antonioli L, Lopez-Castejon G, Blandizzi C, Fornai M (2017) Canonical and non-canonical activation of NLRP3 inflammasome at the crossroad between immune tolerance and intestinal inflammation. Front Immunol 8:36. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00036
Ponder A, Long M (2013) A clinical review of recent findings in the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Epidemiol 5(1):237–247
Pradoo A, Sriapha C, Trakulsrichai S, Tongpoo A, Kheiawsawang M, Wananukul W (2020) Clinical characteristics of Acalypha indica poisoning. Int J Gen Med 13:539–545. https://doi.org/10.2147/ijgm.S263199
Priya CL, Bhaskara Rao KV (2016) Postprandial antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activities of Acalypha indica Linn stem extract: an in-vivo study. Pharmacog Mag 12(Suppl 4):S475-s481. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1296.191461
Qu Y, Li X, Xu F et al (2021) Kaempferol alleviates murine experimental colitis by restoring gut microbiota and inhibiting the LPS-TLR4-NF-κB axis. Front Immunol 12:679897. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.679897
Rahman MA, Bachar SC, Rahmatullah M (2010) Analgesic and antiinflammatory activity of methanolic extract of Acalypha indica Linn. Pak J Pharm Sci 23(3):256–8
Rameshwar P, Narayanan R, Qian J, Denny TN, Colon C, Gascon P (2000) NF-κB as a central mediator in the induction of TGF-β in monocytes from patients with idiopathic myelofibrosis: an inflammatory response beyond the realm of homeostasis. J Immunol 165(4):2271–2277. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.165.4.2271
Ravi S, Shanmugam B, Subbaiah GV, Prasad SH, Reddy KS (2017) Identification of food preservative, stress relief compounds by GC–MS and HR-LC/Q-TOF/MS; evaluation of antioxidant activity of Acalypha indica leaves methanolic extract (in vitro) and polyphenolic fraction (in vivo). J Food Sci Technol 54:1585–1596
Reddy S, Raju M, Surampudi S, Kalali N (2020) Neuropsychological screening on Acalypha indica whole plant extract. J Young Pharm 12:s82–s86. https://doi.org/10.5530/jyp.2020.12s.52
Reddy T, Rao R, Swamy A, Reddanna P, Reddy GP, Reddy D (2012) Exploring the anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer compounds from the leaves of Acalypha indica. IOSR J Pharm Biol Sci 4:1–7
Riahi-Chebbi I, Souid S, Othman H et al (2019) The phenolic compound kaempferol overcomes 5-fluorouracil resistance in human resistant LS174 colon cancer cells. Sci Rep 9(1):1–20. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36808-z
Ribeiro D, Freitas M, Lima JL, Fernandes E (2015) Proinflammatory pathways: the modulation by flavonoids. Med Res Rev 35(5):877–936
Sahukari R, Punabaka J, Bhasha S, et al. (2021) Phytochemical profile, free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties of Acalypha indica root extract: evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 26(20). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26206251
Saïd-Sadier N, Ojcius DM (2012) Alarmins, inflammasomes and immunity. Biomed J 35(6):437–49. https://doi.org/10.4103/2319-4170.104408
Sakinala P, Subhani S, Nadella M (2021) Extraction, screening, formulation and evaluation test for gel preparation of ethanolic leaf extract of Acalyfa india Linn for anti-inflammatory activity. J Global Trends Pharm Sci 12(1):9009–9018
Sakthivel P, Anitha P (2016) Synthesis and characterisation of silver nanoparticles using Acalypha indica leaf extract and its anti-inflammatory activity against human blood cells. Int J Res Pharm Nano Sci 5(1):26–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.10.008
Samini M, Farkhondeh T, Azimi-Nezhad M, Samarghandian S (2021) Chrysin’s impact on oxidative and inflammation damages in the liver of aged male rats. Endocrine, Metab Immune Dis Drug Targets 21(4):743–748. https://doi.org/10.2174/1871530320666200717162304
Sanapala P, Pola S (2020) Role of cytokines in infectious viral disease. dynamics of immune activation in viral diseases:81-98
Sanseera D, Niwatananun W, Liawruangrath B et al (2012) Antioxidant and anticancer activities from aerial parts of Acalypha indica Linn. Chiang Mai Univ J Nat Sci 11(2):157–168
Satyanarayan N, Purohit M (2002) Antiulcer activity of Acalypha indica (Euphorbiaceae on ethanol induced gastric ulcers. J Ethnopharmacol 84:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00031-4
Schmelzer G, Gurib-Fakim A (2007) Plant resources of tropical Africa. Medicinal plants, PROTA Foundation,, Wageningen, Netherlands
Seebaluck R, Gurib-Fakim A, Mahomoodally F (2015) Medicinal plants from the genus Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae)–a review of their ethnopharmacology and phytochemistry. J Ethnopharm 159:137–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.040
Senthilkumar M, Gurumoorthi P, Janardhanan K (2006) Some medicinal plants used by Irular, the tribal people of Marudhamalai hills, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. Nat Prod Radiance 5:382–388
Shanmuganathan S, Angayarkanni N (2018) Chebulagic acid chebulinic acid and gallic acid, the active principles of Triphala, inhibit TNFα induced pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory activities in retinal capillary endothelial cells by inhibiting p38, ERK and NFkB phosphorylation. Vasc Pharmacol 108:23–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vph.2018.04.005
Shen H, Pei H, Zhai L, Guan Q, Wang G (2023) Aurantiamide suppresses the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome to improve the cognitive function and central inflammation in mice with Alzheimer’s disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 29(4):1075–1085. https://doi.org/10.1111/cns.14082
Shen Y, Teng L, Qu Y et al (2022) Anti-proliferation and anti-inflammation effects of corilagin in rheumatoid arthritis by downregulating NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. J Ethnopharmacol 284:114791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114791
Singanayagam A, Loo S-L, Calderazzo M et al (2019) Antiviral immunity is impaired in COPD patients with frequent exacerbations. Am J Phys-Lung Cell Mol Phys 317(6):L893–L903. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00253.2019
Sivasubramanian P, Gayatri Devi R, Selvaraj J, Jothi Priya A (2021) A comparative study of anti-inflammatory activity of Tecoma stans, Acalypha indica and Abutilon indicum plant leaf extract. J Pharm Res Int 33(58):298–306. https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i58A34119
Sneha K, Geetha M, Swapna B, RSS. S, (2022) Development and validation of UV-spectrophotometric method for estimation of gallic acid in Acalypha indica leaf extract and its cellulose nanoparticle formulation. Ind J Pharm Educ Res 56(3):881–7. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.56.3.141
Soruba E, Vickram S, Manian RP, Karikalan K, Sridharan B (2015) Antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity of Acalypha indica and Terminalia chebula: an in-vitro analysis. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci 6(3):180–188
Suetomi T, Miyamoto S, Brown JH (2019) Inflammation in nonischemic heart disease: initiation by cardiomyocyte CaMKII and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling. Am J Physiol-Heart Circ Phys 317(5):H877–H890. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00223.2019
Sun SC, Chang JH, Jin J (2013) Regulation of nuclear factor-κB in autoimmunity. Trends Immunol 34(6):282–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2013.01.004
Suri R, Bakar HA, Rehan AN, Rosnah O, Normah A (2004) Preliminary studies on the analysis of fatty acids, essential oils and flavonoids in Acalypha indica L. J Tropic Agric Food Sci 32(2):163
Takeuchi O, Akira S (2010) Pattern recognition receptors and inflammation. Cell 140(6):805–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.022
Takle V, Savad R, Kandalkar A, Akarte A, Patel A (2011) Pharmacognostic and phytochemical investigations of aerial parts of Acalypha indica Linn. Pharmacog J 3(21):33–35. https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2011.21.6
Thirunavukkarasu A, Rajarathinam N, Sivashankar R, et al. (2020) Green soap formulation: an insight into the optimization of preparations and antifungal action. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-01094-1
Turvey SE, Broide DH (2010) Innate immunity. J Aller Clinl Immunol 125(2 Suppl 2):S24-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2009.07.016
Umate SK, Marathe VR, Pawar PV (2020) Evaluation of Charu prepared from Acalypha indica L- an important medicinal plant of traditional Siddha system useful in treating skin diseases. Adv Zool Botany 8(3):116–121
Upadhyay J, Tiwari N, Ansari MN (2020) Role of inflammatory markers in corona virus disease (COVID-19) patients: a review. Exp Biol Med (Maywood, NJ) 245(15):1368–1375. https://doi.org/10.1177/1535370220939477
Vellosa JCR, Regasini LO, Khalil NM et al (2011) Antioxidant and cytotoxic studies for kaempferol, quercetin and isoquercitrin. Eclética Quimica 36:07–20. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-46702011000200001
Vijayarekha P, Sangottaiyan N, Noorjahan A, Ambiga S (2015) Antibacterial activity of Acalypha indica Linn. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 4(6):1133–1138
Vyawahare A, Prakash R, Jori C, Ali A, Raza SS, Khan R (2022) Caffeic acid modified nanomicelles inhibit articular cartilage deterioration and reduce disease severity in experimental inflammatory arthritis. ACS nano 16(11):18579–18591. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.2c07027
Wang H, Anthony D, Selemidis S, Vlahos R, Bozinovski S (2018) Resolving viral-induced secondary bacterial infection in COPD: a concise review. Front Immunol 9:2345. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02345
Wang J, Fang X, Ge L et al (2018) Antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of kaempferol and its corresponding glycosides and the enzymatic preparation of kaempferol. PLoS One 13(5):e0197563. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197563
Yatoo MI, Gopalakrishnan A, Saxena A et al (2018) Anti-inflammatory drugs and herbs with special emphasis on herbal medicines for countering inflammatory diseases and disorders - a review. Recent Patents Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov 12(1):39–58. https://doi.org/10.2174/1872213x12666180115153635
Yogeeswaran A, Velmurugan S, Punitha SMJ et al (2012) Protection of Penaeus monodon against white spot syndrome virus by inactivated vaccine with herbal immunostimulants. Fish Shellfish Immunol 32(6):1058–1067. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2012.02.029
Zamroni A, Zubaidah E, Rifa’i M, Widjanarko SB (2018) Anti-hyperglycemic and immunomodulatory activity of a polyherbal composed of Sesbania grandiflora, Salacca zalacca and Acalypha indica. J Exp Life Sci 8(3):184–192. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jels.2018.008.03.09
Zhang J, Lei H, Hu X, Dong W (2020) Hesperetin ameliorates DSS-induced colitis by maintaining the epithelial barrier via blocking RIPK3/MLKL necroptosis signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 873:172992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172992
Zhang M, Zhou J, Wang L et al (2014) Caffeic acid reduces cutaneous tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-6 and IL-1β levels and ameliorates skin edema in acute and chronic model of cutaneous inflammation in mice. Biol Pharm Bull 37(3):347–54. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b13-00459
Zhao R, Liang H, Clarke E, Jackson C, Xue M (2016) Inflammation in chronic wounds. Int J Mol Sci 17(12):2085. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17122085
Acknowledgements
We highly acknowledge the Department of Science and Technology for providing financial support to DS under the scheme of the DST-Inspire fellowship (IF200174), Government of India.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Conceptualization: DS and MD, Original draft preparation and writing: DS and SS, Draft revision & editing: VM and MD, Final approval: VM and MD. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. The authors confirm that no paper mill and artificial intelligence was used.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethical approval
Not applicable.
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Sharma, D., Sharma, S., Mandal, V. et al. Unveiling the anti-inflammatory potential of Acalypha indica L. and analyzing its research trend: digging deep to learn deep. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 397, 1935–1956 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-023-02734-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-023-02734-9