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Beneficial effects of vitamin D on anxiety and depression-like behaviors induced by unpredictable chronic mild stress by suppression of brain oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in rats

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Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects of vitamin D (Vit D) on anxiety and depression-like behaviors induced by unpredictable chronic mild stress and brain tissue oxidative damage criteria and neuroinflammation in rats. The rats were treated as follows: (1) control, (2) UCMS, (3–5) Vit D 100, 1000, and 10,000 iu + UCMS. Rats were subjected to UCMS for a total of 4 weeks. During week 4, they received seven training trials. The brains were then collected to examine inflammation and oxidative stress criteria. Pretreatment with Vit D enhanced performances of the rats in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field (OF) and forced swimming test (FST). UCMS also increased MDA and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels while decreased CAT, SOD, and thiol. Vit D reversed the effects of UCMS. The results of the current research revealed that Vit D improved UCMS-induced anxiety and depression via decreasing brain oxidative stress and inhibiting neuroinflammation.

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Funding

The authors received financial supports from the Vice Presidency of Research at Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Student Research Committee, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran

    Hossein Bakhtiari-Dovvombaygi, Saeed Izadi & Mostafa Zare Moghaddam

  2. Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran

    Milad Hashemzehi

  3. Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Mahmoud Hosseini

  4. Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Mahmoud Hosseini

  5. Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran

    Hassan Azhdari-Zarmehri & Farimah Beheshti

  6. Departments of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran

    Hassan Azhdari-Zarmehri & Farimah Beheshti

  7. Department of Emergency Medicine, 9-Day Hospital, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran

    Hossein Dinpanah

Authors
  1. Hossein Bakhtiari-Dovvombaygi
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  2. Saeed Izadi
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  4. Milad Hashemzehi
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  6. Hassan Azhdari-Zarmehri
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Contributions

All data were generated in-house and that no paper mill was used.

Farimah Beheshti: Designed and performed experiments, analyzed the data, and co-wrote the paper.

Hossein Bakhtiari-Dovvombaygi: Performed experiments and co-wrote the paper.

Saeed Izadi: Performed experiments.

Mostafa Zare: Performed experiments.

Hassan Azhdari-Zarmehri: Performed analyses.

Milad Hashemzehi: Analyzed data and co-wrote the paper.

Mahmoud Hosseini: Co-wrote the paper.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Farimah Beheshti.

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Bakhtiari-Dovvombaygi, H., Izadi, S., Zare Moghaddam, M. et al. Beneficial effects of vitamin D on anxiety and depression-like behaviors induced by unpredictable chronic mild stress by suppression of brain oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in rats. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 394, 655–667 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-020-02002-0

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