Abstract
Haloperidol, a typical antipsychotic medication, has been shown to possess various biological effects in different brain models. However, the impact of haloperidol on Ca2+ signaling in astrocytes is elusive. This study explored the effect of haloperidol on cytosolic free Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i) and viability, and established these two connections in Gibco® Human Astrocytes (GHAs) and DI TNC1 rat astrocytes. Haloperidol (5–20 μM) caused [Ca2+]i rises in a concentration-dependent manner in GHAs but not in DI TNC1 cells. Furthermore, removal of extracellular Ca2+ reduced haloperidol’s effect by approximately 30% in GHAs. Haloperidol (20–40 μM) evoked concentration-dependent cytotoxicity in GHAs and DI TNC1 cells. However, chelating cytosolic Ca2+ with the Ca2+ chelator BAPTA/AM significantly reversed haloperidol’s cytotoxicity only in GHAs. In GHAs, haloperidol-induced Ca2+ entry was inhibited by store-operated Ca2+ modulators (2-APB and SKF96365) and the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor GF109203X. This Ca2+ entry induced by haloperidol was confirmed by Mn2+ entry-induced quench of fura-2 fluorescence. In Ca2+-free medium, treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) abolished haloperidol-induced [Ca2+]i rises. Conversely, treatment with haloperidol inhibited 45% of BHQ-evoked [Ca2+]i rises. Moreover, haloperidol-induced Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum was abolished by inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) by U73122. Together, in GHAs but not in DI TNC1 cells, haloperidol caused Ca2+-associated cell death, induced Ca2+ entry via PKC-sensitive store-operated Ca2+ channels, and evoked PLC-dependent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. The protective effect of Ca2+ chelating on haloperidol-induced cytotoxicity in human astrocytes was also demonstrated.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung County 90741, Taiwan.
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SSH and WZL conceived and designed research. WZL conducted experiments. WZL contributed new reagents or analytical tools. SSH and WZL analyzed data. WZL wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript and all data were generated in-house and that no paper mill was used.
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We have added supplemental original source data and “the effect of haloperidol on ROS production in GHAs and DI TNC1 cells” in “Supplementary Material” (DOC 44 kb)
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Hsu, SS., Liang, WZ. Ca2+ signaling as a mechanism of haloperidol-induced cytotoxicity in human astrocytes and assessing the protective role of a Ca2+ chelator. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 393, 2117–2127 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-020-01929-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-020-01929-8