Abstract
The focus of this work is the smooth global solvability of a linear partial differential operator \({\mathbb {L}}\) associated to a real analytic closed non-exact 1-form b—defined on a real analytic closed n-manifold—that may be naturally regarded as the first operator of the complex induced by a locally integrable structure of tube type and co-rank one. We define an appropriate covering projection \(\widetilde{M}\rightarrow M\) such that the pullback of b has a primitive \(\widetilde{B}\) and prove that the operator is globally solvable if and only if the superlevel and sublevel sets of \(\widetilde{B}\) are connected. As a byproduct we obtain a new geometric characterization for the global hypoellipticity of the operator. When M is orientable we prove a connection between the global solvability of \({\mathbb {L}}\) and that of \({\mathbb {L}}^{n-1}\) which is the last non-trivial operator of the complex, in particular, we prove that \({\mathbb {L}}\) is globally solvable if and only if \({\mathbb {L}}^{n-1}\) is globally solvable. In the smooth category, we are able to provide analogous geometric characterizations of the global solvability and the global hypoellipticity when b is a Morse 1-form, i.e., when the structure is of Mizohata type.
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We thank the availability of the Inkscape program used in the preparation of the figure. J. Hounie was partially supported by CNPq (Grant 303634/2014-6); the research of G. Zugliani was funded by FAPESP (Grant 2014/23748-3).
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Hounie, J., Zugliani, G. Global solvability of real analytic involutive systems on compact manifolds. Math. Ann. 369, 1177–1209 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00208-016-1471-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00208-016-1471-5