Abstract
The aim of study was to determine the influence of soluble and solid forms of Si on the growth of B. amyloliquefaciens. The experiment was conducted at two regimes: under sterile conditions (without B. amyloliquefaciens) and infected conditions (with B. amyloliquefaciens). New formed silica gel, diatomite and monosilicic acid at 1 mM Si and 2 mM Si were used as source of Si. The concentration of monosilicic acid in the solution was measured on second and tenth days of experiment. The total carbon in the solution before and after centrifugation was determined on day 10 of the experiment. The experiment has demonstrated a significant positive effect (by 4.7–41.2%) on B. amyloliquefaciens growth in water system. The presence of B. amyloliquefaciens in Si-rich solution reduced the concentration of monosilicic acid in the solution up to 16.2%. About 13.5–30.7% of B. amyloliquefaciens can be attached to the Si-rich surface without formation of cell clusters. Si can be classified as a beneficial nutrient for B. amyloliquefaciens. The tested strain of Bacillus can form channels in silica gel. The presence of monosilicic acid resulted in the formation of an aligned positioning of cells in water-based solution. This study is the first to demonstrate the direct influence of active Si forms on bacteria growth. The research showed that monosilicic acid or Si-rich solid substances with high solubility on Si can be recommended to increase B. amyloliquefaciens growth in soil, water or reactors.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adrees M, Ali S, Rizwan M, Zia-ur-Rehman M, Ibrahim M, Abbas F, Irshad MK (2015) Mechanisms of silicon-mediated alleviation of heavy metal toxicity in plants: a review. Ecotox Environ Safe 119:186–197
Ahemad M, Kibret M (2014) Mechanisms and applications of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: current perspective. J King Saud Univ Sci 26(1):1–20
Bocharnikova EA, Pakhnenko EP, Matychenkov VV, Matychenkov IV (2014) The effect of optimization of silicon nutrition on the stability of barley DNA. Mosc Univ Soil Sci Bull 69(2):84–87
Böhme MH, Pinker I, Junge H (2016) Effect of organic biostimulators with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ssp. Plantarum (former Bacillus subtilis) as the main agent in vegetable cultivation. Bacilli and Agrobiotechnology. Springer, pp 345–366
Carlisle EM (2008) Silicon as an essential trace element in animal nutrition. Ciba Found Symp 121:123–139
Cutting SM (2011) Bacillus Probiotics. Food Microb 28(2):214–220
Dietzel M (2000) Dissolution of silicates and the stability of polysilicic acid. Geochim Cosmochim Ac 64(19):3275–3281
Duncan DB (1957) Multiple range tests for correlated and heteroscedastic means. Biometrics 13(2):164–176
Exley C (2015) A possible mechanism of biological silicification in plants. Front Plant Sci 6:853
Gamez R, Cardinale M, Montes M, Ramirez S, Schnell S, Rodriguez F (2019) Screening, plant growth promotion and root colonization pattern of two rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens Ps006 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bs006) on banana cv. Williams (Musa acuminata Colla). Microbiol Res 220:12–20
Gangadharan D, Sivaramakrishnan S, Nampoothiri KM, Pandey A (2006) Solid culturing of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for α-amylase production. Food Technol Biotech 44(2):269–274
Guerriero G, Hausman JF, Legay S (2016) Silicon and the plant extracellular matrix. Front Plant Sci 7:463
Gupta R, Vakhlu J (2015) Native Bacillus amyloliquefaciens W2 as a potential biocontrol for Fusarium oxysporum R1 causing corm rot of Crocus sativus. Eur J Plant Pathol 143(1):123–131
HernandezApaolaza L (2014) Can silicon partially alleviate micronutrient deficiency in plants? A review. Planta 240(3):447–458
Hurst CJ, Crawford RL, Garland JL, Lipson DA (2007) Manual of environmental microbiology. American Society for Microbiology Press, London
Iler RK (1979) Chemistry of silica-solubility, polymerization, colloid and surface properties, and biochemistry. Wiley-Interscience
Jacques P (2011) Biosurfactants. In: Gloria SC (ed) Microbiology monograph. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 57–91
Kadaikunnan S, Rejiniemon TS, Khaled JM, Alharbi NS, Mothana R (2015) In-vitro antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and functional properties of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 14:9
Kendrick B (2017) The fifth kingdom. Hackett Publishing
Kilian M, Steiner U, Krebs B, Junge H, Schmiedeknecht G, Hain R (2000) FZB24®Bacillus subtilis – mode of action of a microbial agent enhancing plant vitality. Pflanzenschutz Nachr Bayer 1:72–93
Lechner C, Becker C (2015) Silaffins in silica biomineralization and biomimetic silica precipitation. Mar Drugs 13(8):5297–5333
Leynaert A, Longphuirt SN, Claquin P, Chauvaud L, Ragueneau O (2009) No limit? The multiphasic uptake of silicic acid by benthic diatoms. Limnol Oceanogr 54(2):571–576
Lin YS, Saputra F, Chen YC, Hu SY (2019) Dietary administration of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens R8 reduces hepatic oxidative stress and enhances nutrient metabolism and immunity against Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Fish Shellfish Immun 86:410–419
Ma JF, Takahashi E (2002) Soil, fertilizer, and plant silicon research in Japan. Elsevier
Ma JF, Yamaji N (2006) Silicon uptake and accumulation in higher plants. Trends Plant Sci 11(8):392–397
Ma JF, Yamaji N (2015) A cooperative system of silicon transport in plants. Trends Plant Sci 20(7):435–442
Ma JF, Tamai K, Yamaji N, Mitani N, Konishi S, Katsuhara M, Ishiguro M, Murata Y, Yano M (2006) A silicon transporter in rice. Nature 440(7084):688
Martínez-Córdova LR, Emerenciano M, Miranda-Baeza A, Martínez-Porchas M (2015) Microbial-based systems for aquaculture of fish and shrimp: an updated review. Rev Aquacult 7(2):131–148
Matichenkov VV, Bocharnikova EA (2001) The relationship between silicon and soil physical and chemical properties. In: Studies plant science. Elsevier, pp 209–219
Meier MJ, Dodge A, Beaudette LA (2018) Draft genome sequence of the industrially significant bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NRRL 942. Microbiol Resour Announc 7:e01374-e1418
Mendis HC, Thomas VP, Schwientek P, Salamzade R, Chien JT, Waidyarathne P, Kloepper J, De La Fuente L (2018) Strain-specific quantification of root colonization by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria Bacillus firmus I-1582 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 in non-sterile soil and field conditions. PLoS ONE 13(2):e0193119
Mullin JB, Riley JP (1955) The colorimetric determination of silicate with special reference to sea and natural waters. Anal Chem Acta 12:162–176
Murrell WG (1967) The biochemistry of the bacterial endospore. Adv Microb Phys 1:133–251
Nautiyal CS (1999) An efficient microbiological growth medium for screening phosphate solubilizing microorganisms. FEMS Microbiol Let 170(1):265–270
Nikiforova OA, Klykov S, Volski A, Dicks LM, Chikindas ML (2016) Subtilosin A production by Bacillus subtilis KATMIRA1933 and colony morphology are influenced by the growth medium. Ann Microbiol 66(2):661–671
Novoselov AA, Serrano P, Pacheco MLAF, Chaffin MS, O’Malley-James JT, Moreno SC, Ribeiro FB (2013) From cytoplasm to environment: the inorganic ingredients for the origin of life. Astrobiol 13(3):294–302
Orlov DS, Grishina LA (1981) Practical manual on humus chemistry. Moscow University, Moscow
Peng H, Ji X, Wei W, Bocharnikova E, Matichenkov V (2017) As and Cd sorption on selected Si-Rich substances. Water Air Soil Poll 228(8):288
Pohl S, Harwood CR (2010) Heterologous protein secretion by Bacillus species: from the cradle to the grave. Adv Appl Microbiol 73:1–25
Price RM (1932) The influence of silica upon the growth of the tubercle bacillus. Can J Res 7(6):617–621
Qin Y, Shang Q, Zhang Y, Li P, Chai Y (2017) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens L-S60 reforms the rhizosphere bacterial community and improves growth conditions in cucumber plug seedling. Front Microbiol 8:2620
Rahman MS, Choi YH, Choi YS, Alam MB, Lee SH, Yoo JC (2018) A novel antioxidant peptide, purified from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, showed strong antioxidant potential via Nrf-2 mediated heme oxygenase-1 expression. Food Chem 239:502–510
Snyder GH, Matichenkov VV, Datnoff LD (2016) Silicon. In: Handbook of plant nutrition. CRC Press, pp 567–584
Štyriaková I, Štyriak I, Kraus I, Hradil D, Grygar T, Bezdička P (2003) Biodestruction and deferritization of quartz sands by Bacillus species. Miner Eng 16(8):709–713
Tanyildizi MS, Özer D, Elibol M (2005) Optimization of α-amylase production by Bacillus sp. using response surface methodology. Process Biochem 40(7):2291–2296
Urrutia MM, Beveridge TJ (1994) Formation of fine-grained metal and silicate precipitates on a bacterial surface (Bacillus subtilis). Chem Geol 116(3–4):261–280
Vitullo D, Di Pietro A, Romano A, Lanzotti V, Lima G (2012) Role of new bacterial surfactins in the antifungal interaction between Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Fusarium oxysporum. Plant Pathol 61(4):689–699
Wu Y, Wang Y, Zou H, Wang B, Sun Q, Fu A, Wang Y, Wang Y, Xu X, Li W (2017) Probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC06 induces autophagy to protect against pathogens in macrophages. Front Microbiol 8:469
Yarzábal LA, Chica EJ (2017) Potential for developing low-input sustainable agriculture in the tropical Andes by making use of native microbial resources. In: Plant-microbe interactions in agro-ecological perspectives. Springer, Singapore, pp 29–54
Acknowledgements
This work was conducted within the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russian Federation theme # AAAA-A18-118013190180-9, AAAA-A17-117030110139-9 and AAAA-A17-117030110137-5.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
None to declare.
Additional information
Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt.
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Matichenkov, V., Bocharnikova, E., Romanova, A. et al. Growth of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as influence by Si nutrition. Arch Microbiol 203, 4329–4336 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-021-02421-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-021-02421-4