Abstract
Rhizopus species are opportunistic pathogens and cause infections which lead to deaths in individuals with the weakened immune system. Some strains of Rhizopus species have been detected to have a symbiotic relationship with bacteria. The toxicity of the Rhizopus species is important. Because strains harbouring endofungal bacteria are able to produce secondary metabolites and if endofungal bacteria are released from mycelium, serious problems can occur. We aimed to investigate the presence of endofungal bacteria in Rhizopus species isolated from food samples. Rhizopus species were isolated from different food samples. The presence of endofungal bacteria in the Rhizopus isolates was investigated. Rhizopus strains containing the endofungal bacteria were identified through phenotypic and genotypic methods. Universal primers amplifying bacterial 16S rRNA region were used to amplify 1.2–1.5-kb fragment from fungal metagenomic DNA. Sequence analysis of PCR products amplified from fungal metagenomic DNA was made. Fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to visualize the presence of endofungal bacteria in fungal hyphae. According to our results, the Rhizopus strains is associated with Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Until now there is no evidence that Pseudomonas fluorescens and Klebsiella pneumoniae were identified as endofungal. These species are opportunistic pathogen dangerous for humans. It is important for humans not only the presence of the fungi but also the presence of the endofungal bacteria in foods. Our work is important because it draws attention to the presence of endofungal bacteria in foods. Because there is danger releasing of a bacterium from the mycelium, it is likely to face sepsis or serious problems.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to Izmir Institute of Technology, Biotechnology and Bioengineering Central Research Laboratories, Ege University, Science Faculty and Ege University Central Research Testing and Analysis Laboratory Research and Application Center (EGE-MATAL). This work was supported by BAP Project (17- FEN-044), Ege University.
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Birol, D., Gunyar, O.A. Investigation of presence of endofungal bacteria in Rhizopus spp. ısolated from the different food samples. Arch Microbiol 203, 2269–2277 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-021-02251-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-021-02251-4