Abstract
When overhead ground wire (OGW) is struck by lightning, the damage or rupture accident occur. This is unacceptable for the stable operation of the power system. Therefore, the investigation on the lightning-induced damage mechanism of OGW is significant for the optimization of lightning protection measures. Combined with the structural characteristics of OGW, this paper evaluated the thermal ablation damage of OGW caused by lightning strike, which provided the data support for the damage mechanism research. Firstly, the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) models based on OGW and plate structure were established. The current density distributions as well as the arc root radii of OGW and plate under lightning strikes were compared. The thermal ablation damage model of OGW was also established. The influence of arc root radius on thermal ablation damage evaluation of OGW under continuing component of lightning current was analyzed. The results show that the arc root radius of lightning striking OGW is reduced by at least 50% compared with that of lightning striking plate. When using arc root radius of OGW for modeling, the results of the thermal ablation damage model are consistent with the reported experimental results. The maximum error is 9.80%. While the arc root radius of plate is adopted, there is an obvious difference between the thermal ablation damage model and the experimental results. The maximum error exceeds 20%. Therefore, in the numerical modeling of thermal ablation damage of OGW, it is necessary to consider the influence of structural characteristics of OGW on arc root radius.
Similar content being viewed by others
Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.
References
Manuel A, Vanessa M (2018) Ruptures in overhead ground wire — transmission line 220 kV. Eng Fail Anal 87:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2018.01.003
Liu G, Peng X, Zhong M, Wang R, Wang P, Ming D, Qi Q (2011) A case study of ruptures in overhead ground wire under a large lightning over 400 kA. Eng Fail Anal 104:1211–1233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2019.06.032
L. Chemartin, P. Lalande, B. Peyrou, A. Chazottes, P. Elias, C. Delalondre, B. Cheron, F. Lago, Direct Effects of Lightning on Aircraft Structure: Analysis of the Thermal, Electrical and Mechanical Constraints, Journal Aerospace Lab, Issue 5, December 2012: pp. 1–15. https://www.researchgate.net/deref/https%3A%2F%2Fhal.archives-ouvertes.fr%2Fhal-01184416.
Muñoz R, Delgado S, González C, López-Romano B, Wang D, Llorca J (2014) Modeling lightning impact thermo-mechanical damage on composite materials. Appl Compos Mater 21:149–164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10443-013-9377-9
Sun J, Yao X, Ren J, Le Y (2022) Analytical investigation of lightning strike-induced damage of OPGWs based on a coupled arc-electrical-thermal simulation. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 37:5145–5155. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2022.3171783
Y. Liu, M. Dai, Y. Xiao, Q. Liu, B. Liu, Z. Fu, Influence Factors of Metal Materials Struck by Simulated Lightning Currents (In Chinese), High Voltage Engineering. 43 (2017) 1445–1452. http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20170428008.
Iwata M, Ohtaka T, Kuzuma Y, Goda Y (2013) Development of a method of calculating the melting characteristics of OPGW strands Due to DC Arc simulating lightning strike. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 28:1314–1321. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2013.2260567
Optical Fiber Cables—part 4: Sectional Specification—Aerial Optical Cables along Electrical Power Lines: IEC 60794–4: 2018. Geneva, Switzerland: IEC, 2018.
Abdelal G, Murphy A (2014) Nonlinear numerical modelling of lightning strike effect on composite panels with temperature dependent material properties. Compos Struct 109:268–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.11.007
Jia S, Wang F, Xu B, Yan W (2021) A developed energy-dependent model for studying thermal shock damage and phase transition of composite reinforced panel subjected to lightning strike. Eur J Mech A-Solids. 85:104141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechsol.2020.104141
Ma XT, Wang FS, Wang Z, Li Y, Xu B (2021) Thermal dynamic damage of aircraft composite material suffered from lightning channel attachment based on moving mesh method. Compos Sci Technol 214:109003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2021.109003
Wang Y, Zhupanska OI (2018) Modeling of thermal response and ablation in laminated glass fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites due to lightning strike. Appl Math Model 53:118–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2017.08.019
Dong Q, Wan G, Guo Y (2019) Damage analysis of carbon fiber composites exposed to combined lightning current components D and C. Compos Sci Technol 179:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2019.04.030
Millen SLJ, Murphy A, Abdelal G, Catalanotti G (2019) Sequential finite element modelling of lightning arc plasma and composite specimen thermal-electric damage. Comput Struct 221:48–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2019.06.005
Millen SLJ, Murphy A, Abdelal G, Catalanotti G (2020) Specimen representation on the prediction of artificial test lightning plasma, resulting specimen loading and subsequent composite material damage. Compos Struct. 231:111545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.111545
Sun J, Yao X, Huang Y et al (2020) Experimental and numerical analysis of damage characteristics to OGW strands under first lightning strike and continuous current. Electric Power Syst Res 187:106515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2020.106515
Rakov VA, Uman MA (2003) Lightning physics and effects, 1st edn. Cambridge U. Press, New York, NY
Zhang Z, Dong Z (2011) Viscous fluid mechanics. 2nd ed. Tsinghua University Press; 2011.
Sun J, Yao X, Xu W, Tian X, Chen J (2018) Lightning test method for optical-fiber overhead ground wires. IEEE Trans Power Delivery 33:2412–2419. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2018.2823061
Liu Y, Fu Z, Gao X, Li T, Dai M (2018) Damage characteristics and response of al alloy 3003 to different components of simulated lightning currents. IEEE Access 6:1277–1283. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2778197
Liu Y, Wang Y (2021) Modeling the lightning continuing current electric arc discharge and material thermal damage: Effects of combinations of amplitude and duration. Int J Thermal Sci. 162:106786. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2020.106786
Liu Y, Wang Y (2021) Is indirect electrode a good choice for simulated lightning damage tests? — the effect of metal vapor. IEEE Trans Plasma Sci 49:1661–1668. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2021.3073534
Goodarzi M, Choo R, Toguri JM (1997) The effect of the cathode tip angle on the GTAW arc and weld pool: I. Mathematical model of the arc. J Phys D Appl Phys 30:2744–2756. https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/30/19/013
Guo D, Wang P, Zheng W, Li Y, Li J, Tang W, Shi L, Liu G (2021) Investigation of sag behaviour for aluminium conductor steel reinforced considering tensile stress distribution. Royal Soc Open Sci 8:210049. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210049
Liu G, Guo D, Lin Z, Peng X, Lin X, Chen L, Wang R, Lyu W (2023) Exceeding 50% injected lightning energy not sourced: During the analysis of an OGW rupture accident caused by multiple lightning strikes. Eng Failure Anal 143:106779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2022.106779
Yi J, Li S, Yao X, Chang F, Li L, Zhang X (2016) Lightning strike ablation damage characteristic analysis for carbon fiber/epoxy composite laminate with fastener. Appl Compos Mater 23:821–837. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10443-016-9487-2
Funding
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51977083) and the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (No. 2022A1515011182).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Deming Guo was involved in writing—original draft, methodology and formal analysis. Gang Liu was involved in writing—reviewing and editing, funding acquisition and supervision. Haobin Chen was involved in validation and visualization. Peifeng Wang was involved in modeling. Xuan Lin was involved in data curation. All authors reviewed the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that we have no competing interests as defined by Springer, or other interests that might be perceived to influence the results and/or discussion reported in this paper.
Ethical approval
Not applicable.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Guo, D., Liu, G., Chen, H. et al. Influence of structural characteristics for overhead ground wire on arc root under lightning strike. Electr Eng 105, 3283–3292 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-023-01881-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-023-01881-9