Abstract
This study empirically investigates the effects of sustainable manufacturing practices on sustainable performance, focusing on the moderation effect of companies’ ownership (foreign or local) between sustainable manufacturing practices and sustainable performance. In this study, a survey was conducted among ISO 4001-certified manufacturers in Malaysia, and structural equation modelling was used to examine the moderating effect of a company’s ownership on the relationship between sustainable manufacturing practices and sustainable performance. The findings showed that there was a positive relationship between both sustainable product design and sustainable manufacturing processes and sustainable performance for Malaysian manufacturers. However, the positive relationship between both sustainable product design and sustainable end-of-life practices on sustainable performance was stronger for foreign companies compared with that for local companies. The results showed the strengths of foreign-owned companies were at the implementation of their sustainable product design and sustainable end-of-life management practices of the product manufacturing process. The findings identified in this paper extend previous research and provide empirical evidence that a company’s ownership impacts the relationship between sustainable manufacturing practices and sustainable performance.
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This work was supported by the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia through the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) (grant no.: FRGS/2/2010/TK/UM/03/6).
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Salwa Hanim Abdul-Rashid, Novita Sakundarini, Raja Ariffin Raja Ghazilla, Ramayah Thrusamay, and Marini Nurbanum. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Salwa Hanim Abdul-Rashid, Marini Nurbanum, and Ramayah Thurasamy, and the rest of the authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Appendices
Appendix 1 Constructs and measurement items for SM practices
Constructs | Codes | Measurement items | Sources |
---|---|---|---|
Sustainable product design (SPDesign) | SPDesign_1 | Elimination of hazardous materials | |
SPDesign_2 | Design for disassembly | ||
SPDesign_3 | Design for repair, rework, and refurbishment | ||
SPDesign_4 | Design to reduce material use | ||
SPDesign_5 | Design to reduce energy consumption | ||
SPDesign_6 | Use environmental-friendly materials | ||
SPDesign_7 | Design to recover obsolete products (e.g. product leasing/PSS) | ||
SPDesign_8 | Design for maintenance | ||
SPDesign_9 | Design to prolong life of materials | ||
Sustainable manufacturing process (SMProcess) | SMProcess_1 | Material recovery | Thiede, Bogdanski [45], Gupta, Dangayach [46], Singh, Ramakrishna [47] |
SMProcess_2 | Waste recovery | ||
SMProcess_3 | Energy savings | Bhanot, Rao [5], Gupta, Laubscher [44], Despeisse, Mbaye [130] | |
SMProcess_4 | Reduce CO2 emissions | Ball, Evans [131] | |
SMProcess_5 | Improve manufacturing processes and machine efficiency | Millar and Russell [10], Bi and Wang [48], Raman, Haapala [49] | |
SMProcess_6 | Adopt lean production systems | ||
SMProcess_7 | Implement and adhere to environmentally conscious programmes, standards, or regulations | ||
SMProcess_8 | Set environmental objectives and targets | Hamner [52] | |
SMProcess_9 | Measure and audit material flows/wastes | ||
Sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) | SSCM_1 | Select green/sustainable suppliers | |
SSCM_2 | Influence suppliers to practise green/sustainable initiatives | ||
SSCM_3 | Collaborate with suppliers | ||
SSCM_4 | Training suppliers on sustainability | ||
SSCM_5 | Influence customers to accept green practices, services, or products | Canning and Hanmer‐Lloyd [66] | |
SSCM_6 | Use less, cleaner, or reusable packaging | Zailani, Jeyaraman [56], Sonneveld, James [57], James, Lewis [58], Westkämper, Alting [59] | |
SSCM_7 | Adopt energy-efficient transportation | Kam, Christopherson [61] | |
SSCM_8 | Adopt energy-efficient logistics | Kam, Christopherson [61] | |
Sustainable end-of-life management (SEOL) | SEOL_1 | Prolong the service life of materials/parts/products by providing maintenance and support services to customers | |
SEOL_2 | Provide hazardous waste treatment in the plant for after-market recovery products/parts | ||
SEOL_3 | Provide and manage product warranty returns | Kleyner and Sandborn [73] | |
SEOL_4 | Provide and manage product recalls | * | |
SEOL_5 | Provide recycling support by using components and material coding standards |
Appendix 2 Constructs and measurement items for SP
Constructs | Codes | Measurement items | Sources |
---|---|---|---|
Environmental performance (SPEnv) | SPEnv1 | Reduced CO2 emissions | Garetti and Taisch [137] |
SPEnv2 | Reduced wastewater discharge | ||
SPEnv3 | Reduced solid waste generation | Sachs [62] | |
SPEnv4 | Reduced energy consumption | ||
SPEnv5 | Reduced toxic/harmful/hazardous/flammable substances discharges | ||
SPEnv6 | Decrease in material usage | Jeswiet and Kara [140] | |
SPEnv7 | Improved compliance with environmental standards | ||
Economic performance (SPEco) | Economic outcomes | ||
SPEco1 | Improved market share | ||
SPEco2 | Improved company image | ||
SPEco3 | Improved company’s position in the marketplace | ||
SPEpo4 | Increased profitability | Wagner [79] | |
Operational outcomes | |||
SPEco5 | Decreased material purchasing cost | Eltayeb, Zailani [77] | |
SPEco6 | Decreased utility bills | ||
SPEco7 | Decreased waste treatment fees | ||
SPEcop8 | Decreased waste discharge fees | ||
SPEco9 | Reduced environmental accident cases | ||
SPEco10 | Reduced manufacturing costs | ||
SPEcoc11 | Improved product quality | ||
Social performance (SPso) | SPSo1 | Improved relationship with the community and stakeholders | Maxwell, Sheate [84] |
SPSo2 | Improved work safety | Geyer and Jackson [85] | |
SPSo3 | Improved work environment | Kishawy, Hegab [28], Maxwell, Sheate [84], Geyer and Jackson [85] | |
SPSo4 | Improved living quality of the surrounding community | Maxwell, Sheate [84] |
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Abdul-Rashid, S.H., Mohamad, M.N., Sakundarini, N. et al. Modelling sustainable manufacturing practices effects on sustainable performance: the contingent role of ownership. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 122, 3997–4012 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-022-10140-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-022-10140-3